The cybersecurity market - France

Nicolas Arpagian, author of the book Cybersecurity, defines the concept of cybersecurity as follows: "Cybersecurity includes both the protection and attack of computer equipment (the war for or against information), in order to monitor or take control of it, and of the information available on the Internet (the war through information), with the possible attacks on reputation, security and security.information available on the Internet (information warfare), with possible reputational damage, theft of sensitive data, digital hacking and other defamation campaigns." In other words, cybersecurity concerns the defensive and offensive use of the information systems that power our modern organizations. It takes into account both the technical means used for data exchange and the content ( information circulating, information stored, etc.) Cybersecurity is one of the most important"SMACS", encompassing social networks, data analysis, cloud computing and cybersecurity. Cybersecurity breaches are numerous, and include phishing, ransomware, spyware infection, information destruction or alteransomware, spyware infection, destruction or alteration of information, information hacking, data theft, site blocking or slowdown, hacking into personal data, or even the failure of electricity and air conditioning in a computer room. New destructive practices are developing in cyberspace, including criminal use of the Internet (cybercrime), including for terrorist purposes; large-scale propagation of false information and manipulation; espionage for political or economic purposes; and attacks on critical infrastructures (transport, energy, communications, etc.) for sabotage purposes.) for sabotage purposes. Attacks can originate from state or non-state groups, and often have the following characteristics:

They know no borders or distances; Are difficult to trace, making it very difficult to formally identify the real culprits, who often act under cover of relays (botnets) or unwitting proxies; Can be carried out with relative ease, at little cost or risk to the attacker. They aim to jeopardize the proper functioning of communication and information systems (CIS) used by citizens, businesses and administrations, and even the physical integrity of infrastructures, which is crucial to national security.