the Electric Vehicle Market | France

1.1 Presentation and definition of the market

An electric vehicle is a vehicle powered by one or more electric motors, which are powered by a fuel cell, a storage battery or a heat engine generator.there are cars that run solely on electric power, but there are also hybrid electric vehicles, which run partially on electric power.

The term "vehicle" encompasses several product categories, including electric and hybrid cars, electric two-wheelers (bicycles, motorcycles, scooters, etc.), but also electric buses or other vehicles.in this study, we will focus mainly on electric cars and hybrid cars, electric bicycles, motorcycles and scooters. In this study we will focus on electric and hybrid cars.

The important elements that characterize an electric vehicle are the following:

• The charging system which works with a cable through which alternating current passes
• The converter that transforms the alternating current of the network into direct current
• The battery that stores the current in several cells and redirects the same current to one or more electric motors
• The transmission: the electric gearbox does not have a gearbox because the electric motors are capable of turning up to several tens of thousands of revolutions per minute
• Regenerative braking: when an electric motor turns "in the vacuum", i.e. without being supplied with current (technically when we brake or when we no longer press the gas pedal), it reproduces itself current that it recovers.

It is partly thanks to these elements that technical breakdowns are often rarer on electric vehicles.

The turning point in favor of electric vehicles is the global industrial event of 2020: With nearly 1.4 million electric cars sold in 2020, or 8% of sales, the European market is the world leader, and it is expected to double to 15% by 2021. In second place is China, with 1.3 million electric vehicles sold on its national market, followed by the United States with only 350,000.

France is also the second country in Europe that puts the most plug-in electric vehicles on the road each year, thanks to its manufacturers. This shows the will developed by the state system and by the national manufacturers, in order to set up a more ecological and thus electric circulation.