The quantum computer market - France

The supercomputers (or supercomputers) are computer equipment using thousands of processors to process countless data in a matter of seconds. They are used in many areas such as quantum mechanics the forecasts meteorological , l’ oil exploration etc. The supercomputer market represents more than 10 billion dollars of turnover per year worldwide. The global market is in growth for several years and forecasts are optimistic as significant growth is expected in the coming years. The market has several tens of thousands of supercomputers sold each year. The United States dominate the market and more than half of the 500 most powerful supercomputers are located in the United States. The sector is highly concentrated with the two most important players accounting for two thirds of the market . With a few exceptions, the main manufacturers are American. The leading European manufacturer, Atos, is French, known for its Bull supercomputer. In 2015, Atos launched the Bull Seqana, aiming to achieve one million billion operations per second by 2020, making France the world leader with the most powerful supercomputer in the world. But until then, France, like Europe, remains far behind its Asian (Fujitsu, Hitachi, Nec in Japan) and American (IBM, Dell, Cray, SGI) competitors. The Seqana bull occupies a distant place in the world ranking of supercomputers, with one million billion operations per second. Supercomputer manufacturers are IT giants. Companies in the sector are moving more and more towards the top of the range, gradually moving away from the low and mid-range. Each new level of power for data processing and storage is a victory and the race is continuous, which generates significant r costs . International competition is gradually increasing in the face of American supremacy and is expected to increase at an increasingly rapid pace in the coming years. In terms of electricity consumption to operate and water to cool, supercomputers are still far from meeting environmental challenges . The other challenge for this market is energy-intensive consumption, hence the need for investment in R