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Summary and extracts
1 Market overview
1.1 Definition and scope of study
on a global scale, the facts are alarming: over 2 billion people live in countries where water stress is high, and almost 700 million people worldwide could be displaced by water scarcity by 2030. Faced with this global water stress, seawater desalination plants can be an excellent alternative.
The global market is growing and should continue to grow at a CAGR of 9.4% until 2030. Rapid population growth, accelerated urbanization and increasing water shortages in various parts of the world are expected to drive growing demand for water desalination equipment in the years ahead. The Middle East and Africa dominate the market, accounting for a significant share(50%) of global revenues.
The European market has been expanding in recent years, with 2178 desalination plants in operation in 2024. The vast majority of these(41% ) are in Spain. France ranks 5ᵉ among the European countries with the most desalination plants, with 3% of European installations located in France. On the other hand, on a European scale, France is the country with the largest number of companies supplying desalination equipment. French expertise in seawater desalination is widely recognized worldwide, thanks in particular to two French market leaders. Other young French companies offer innovative technologies and have already demonstrated their know-how abroad.
The outlook for this market is therefore very optimistic, with the sole exception of environmental considerations. s energy-intensive on the one hand, and releases large quantities of brine and other chemical waste that can disrupt the local marine ecosystem on the other.
1.2 A growing global market
The seawater desalination market is estimated to be worth $**.** billion worldwide in ****, with growth forecast at a compound annual growth rate of *. *% over the period ****-****.
Evolution of global seawater desalination market size World, ****-****, in billions of dollars
Factors such as accelerated population growth , rapid urbanization and growing water scarcity ...
1.3 A European market dominated by certain countries
Desalination is a fast-growing sector with significant potential. In the European Union, a relatively modest proportion of fresh water is currently obtained by desalinating seawater. Historically, desalination in Europe developed mainly in response to local water shortages in the early ****s, with the installation of small-scale plants to supply drinking water ...
1.4 French market
The domestic desalination market is difficult to assess, as demand from local authorities is still low. As a first step, therefore, it is interesting to analyze the market more broadly, using data compiled by INSEE under NAF code **.**Z: "Collection, treatment and distribution of water", which covers rainwater and river water ...
1.5 Summary of market drivers
The table below summarizes the various determinants of water desalination management activities. The evolution given is a trend predicted or assumed for the near future.
2 Demand analysis
2.1 How the French perceive water access issues
Responses to the question "Do you think water is a limited resource in France?" France, ****-****, %
The graph above shows a significant and continuous increase in the proportion of the French population who perceive water as a limited resource. This trend, observed over the entire period studied, indicates a growing awareness ...
2.2 Water stress worldwide and in France
A very simple indicator of water scarcity on a national scale is the amount of renewable freshwater per person. Water stress begins when a country's available water falls below *,*** m*/year per person. When the threshold of *,*** m*/year is crossed, water scarcity is felt. Absolute water scarcity is envisaged for ...
2.3 Freshwater consumption in France
Freshwater abstraction by use France, ****, %, France, ****, %, France, %, France, %, France, %, France, % Source: Statistical data and studies In ****, the breakdown of freshwater withdrawals in France showed a clear predominance of uses linked to power plant cooling, which accounted for **. *% of total withdrawals. This dominance reflects the crucial importance of water in the energy ...
3 Market structure
3.1 A few orders of magnitude of French potential
France has ***** km of coastline, including its overseas territories, making it the *th longest country in the world. Some *,*** communes are located on the French coast or within coastal cantons. [***] Counting only metropolitan France and Corsica, the total coastline is *,*** km.
The exclusive economic zone is defined as a stretch of ...
3.2 Desalination process
There are three main families of seawater desalination techniques. It should be noted that the average salt level in the oceans varies between ** and ** grams per liter.
Distillation
Distillation is probably the oldest and best-known seawater desalination technique. It consists of a first evaporation stage, to separate salts and other minerals ...
3.3 Environmental considerations
Seawater desalination, while a highly attractive solution to drinking water shortages, presents a number of environmental challenges.
Current techniques are energy-intensive and often powered by fossil fuels, contributing to greenhouse gas emissions. Water abstraction and discharge methods can disrupt marine ecosystems, damage flora and fauna, and lead to excessive salinization of ...
3.4 Veolia and Suez, the two French leaders
Among the leaders in the seawater desalination market are the two French water management giants, Veolia and Suez.
Veolia Water Technologies
With a combined treatment capacity of some ** million m* of water per day at over *,*** sites worldwide in *** countries, Veolia is the world leader in desalination.
The company's new water ...
3.5 Freshwater distribution in France
throughout France, a network of over ***,*** kilometers of pipes, along with thousands of structures, ensures the daily supply of drinking water to ** million people. These infrastructures, combined with those for wastewater and stormwater treatment, represent on average **% of the assets of local authorities [***]
The management of these public services and their ...
3.6 The government's Water Plan
In April ****, France launched the Water Plan for sober and resilient management of water resources, aimed at addressing the growing challenges of water scarcity and climate change. The plan comprises ** measures, ** of which have already been initiated and ** finalized. With projections indicating a reduction of up to **% in summer river flows ...
4 Offer analysis
4.1 Freshwater prices in France
A low average price compared with the European Union
A cubic metre of water costs an average of €*.** in mainland France, including charges and taxes. The order of magnitude for a French family consuming an average of ***m* (***) is to spend an average of €* per day on public water and wastewater ...
4.2 Cost of a seawater desalination plant
The cost of a desalination plant depends largely on the technology used: it averages €*/m* for distillation plants, €*/m* for electrodialysis technology and around €*/m* for reverse osmosis (***). [***]
With reverse osmosis, the water is so pure that it has to be remineralized, which entails additional costs. Finally, there are distribution costs ...
4.3 Start-ups and new technologies
A number of young French companies have made their mark in the seawater desalination sector in recent years. The following is a selection of the main start-ups that have developed rapidly.
Circulair
Winner of the Félix award in ****, the start-up is committed to offering low-cost solutions for developing countries. To ...
5 Regulations
5.1 Regulatory framework for the withdrawal of seawater for human consumption
To extract seawater for human consumption, several authorizations and files are required prior to the operational phase. [***]
First, a withdrawal authorization issued by the prefect. The application file must include the following information:
A presentation of the qualitative and quantitative status of available freshwater resources and their evolution A presentation of ...
5.2 Water quality standards
The reference articles concerning the quality of distributed water are mainly to be found in articles R. ****-*, R. ****-*, R. ****-* and R. ****-** of the French Public Health Code.
Water "fit for human consumption" must meet around ** quality criteria , divided into quality limits and quality references. [***] These potability standards ...
5.3 The NOTRe law
The NOTRe law, promulgated on August *, ****, represents a major pivot in French territorial organization by entrusting new powers to the regions and redefining those assigned to local authorities. As the third component of the territorial reforms following the law on territorial public action and metropolises and the reorganization of the regions ...
6 Positioning the players
6.1 Segmentation
- Dow Chemical
- Doosan
- Circulair
- Sweetch Energy
- Mascara Renewable Water
- Suez Groupe
- Véolia Groupe
List of charts presented in this market study
- Change in the number of employees registered under "3600Z Water collection, treatment and distribution"
- Change in the number of companies registered under "3600Z Water collection, treatment and distribution"
- Desalination market trends
- Trends in the size of the global seawater desalination market
- Breakdown of global revenues in the seawater desalination market
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the seawater desalination market | France
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