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Summary
The global nuclear decommissioning market is experiencing growth, valued at $6.655 billion in 2022, and is expected to expand at a CAGR of 6.1% until 2028. With regulators worldwide increasingly focusing on environmental safety and radiological risk reduction, many countries are investing heavily in the sector. As of 2023, 412 nuclear reactors are in operation globally, with the USA, France, and China hosting nearly half of these. The trend is towards dismantling reactors soon after shutdown, with a total of 209 reactors already shut down as of late 2022. France, facing an aged fleet with an average reactor age of 37.6 years, is preparing for substantial decommissioning activities in the near future. Overall, the nuclear decommissioning sector is on the rise, driven by end-of-life-cycle nuclear reactors and technological advancements, presenting opportunities for specialized companies in engineering, construction, demolition, and waste management.
"Navigating the Evolving Landscape of Nuclear Decommissioning in France"
France, with its extensive background in the nuclear industry, stands at the forefront of the nuclear decommissioning market, which is showing signs of significant expansion. As national and global energy policies adapt to the climate realities of the 21st century, nuclear decommissioning has become an integral aspect of ensuring environmental safety and managing the transition from operational nuclear facilities to their eventual dismantlement. Within the French territory, the nuclear decommissioning sector is an emerging yet substantial market valued at nearly one billion euros in 2022. This figure underscores the country's involvement and anticipated investments in the meticulous process of nuclear facility decommissioning.
France's decommissioning activities, projected to intensify in the coming decades, align with a broader European market that is estimated to be worth around 95 billion euros over the period leading up to 2050. Annualized, this signifies a market opportunity amounting to over three billion euros each year, with France claiming a substantial share of roughly 20 billion euros by mid-century. The current French landscape points to multiple ongoing decommissioning projects, including the monumental task of dismantling the Fessenheim plant, as well as others that have completed their operational cycles. It is estimated that by 2050, due to the limited lifespan of nuclear reactors, France will see an accelerated rate of reactor decommissioning, especially concentrated between the years 2030 and 2050.
In addition, there exists a palpable public endorsement of nuclear energy within France, with approximately three-quarters of the French population favoring nuclear power production, and a slightly lesser majority supporting the construction of new nuclear reactors in the near future. This widespread acceptance resonates with the French government's ambition to extend the operational lifespan of existing reactors and commission new ones. The competitive landscape for nuclear decommissioning in France is presently structured around prominent operators like EDF, CEA, and Orano, along with a collaboration of building and civil engineering groups, service groups, and specialized SMEs contributing to various project phases.
Notably, the involvement of smaller enterprises is less pronounced in the decommissioning segment compared to the wider nuclear industry, pointing to the dominance of larger, well-established entities that have the financial fortitude to engage in the extended time frames characteristic of such projects. Nuclear decommissioning in France, thus, offers a clear glimpse into a future-driven by meticulous planning, regulatory compliance, and a steady market demand. Driven by societal support, governmental initiatives.
Key Contributors in the French Nuclear Decommissioning Market
The French nuclear decommissioning industry involves various major players that span from operators of nuclear facilities to construction and engineering groups, service providers, and specialized small and medium-sized enterprises. Here we examine the pivotal roles played by several of these entities, crafting the landscape of nuclear dismantling in France.
Operators
- EDF (Électricité de France): As the primary operator of nuclear power plants in France, EDF not only produces energy but also leads the way in decommissioning efforts. Their subsidiary, Cyclife, focuses on the full spectrum of decommissioning services, from planning and project development to decontamination, dismantling, waste management, and site redevelopment.
- CEA (Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives)**: This public government-funded research organization is pivotal in various areas of nuclear energy, including decommissioning. They bring a wealth of research knowledge and technical innovation to the nuclear dismantling sphere.
- Orano: Formerly known as Areva, Orano is a major international player in nuclear energy with a focus on nuclear fuel cycle products and services. Their expertise extends into the dismantling of nuclear installations, showcasing a global capability in waste management and decommissioning.
Building and Civil Engineering Groups
- -Bouygues Constructio : This French industrial group excels in building and civil engineering, offering its robust construction expertise also in nuclear plant deconstruction and remediation projects.
- Eiffage: Recognized as one of Europe's leading construction and concessions companies, it employs its proficiency in infrastructure and energy to deliver critical decommissioning services.
- Vinci (Nuvia): The global player Vinci, through its subsidiary Nuvia, specializes in nuclear services including decommissioning. Their expertise ranges from the design and construction of facilities to their decontamination and dismantling.
Service Groups
- Veolia (Veolia Nuclear Solutions): Veolia, through its subsidiary Veolia Nuclear Solutions, plays an integral role in facilitating nuclear cleanup and waste treatment. They offer advanced technological solutions for decontamination and decommissioning.
- Onet: As a provider of nuclear decontamination and facility management services, Onet is equipped to handle the intricate processes involved in dismantling nuclear installations.
Specialized SMEs or ETIs
- While numerous small and medium-sized enterprises contribute to this sector, they typically align with larger consortia due to
to understand this market
Detailed content
Inforamtion
- Number of pages : 30 pages
- Format : Digital and PDF versions
- Last update : 18/12/2023
Summary and extracts
1 Market overview
1.1 Definition and scope of study
Nuclear decommissioning is the set of processes involved in the final decommissioning of a nuclear facility, such as a nuclear power plant, after the end of its operational life. This crucial stage ensures environmental safety and the reduction of radiological risks.
The global nuclear dismantling market is currently booming. In 2022, it was estimated at $6.655 billion, and is forecast to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.1% until 2028. This growth is driven by the need to dismantle aging nuclear facilities, and by regulatory and technological developments in the sector.globally, there are 412 nuclear reactors in operation, with the USA, France and China leading the way in terms of the number of operational reactors. These countries represent key markets for nuclear decommissioning.
Focusing on France, we observe a market that is still in the process of structuring itself. With an aging fleet of reactors, with an average age of 37.6 years, the country is preparing to undertake significant dismantling actions in the near future. This context creates a favorable environment for the development and refinement of dismantling skills and technologies. However, the government and EDF are attempting to postpone decommissioning activities by extending the lifespan of French power plants.
Nuclear dismantling, however, requires extremely specific know-how, which cannot always be reused from one plant to another due to the diversity of technologies used in different plants. This specificity represents both a challenge and an opportunity for companies in the sector.by developing unique expertise in this field, French companies are ideally positioned to export their know-how internationally, thereby meeting the growing global demand for specialized skills in nuclear dismantling.
1.2 Global overview of nuclear dismantling
As many nuclear power plants around the world approach the end of their lifecycle, the nuclear decommissioning sector is emerging. This process concerns not only nuclear power plants, but also other facilities linked to the nuclear fuel cycle, such as research centers, spent fuel reprocessing plants and waste treatment facilities. Estimates ...
1.3 French and European market size
Dismantling accounts for just *% of total sales in the nuclear industry. In addition, remediation, which includes the removal of hazardous elements from sites prior to decommissioning, contributes a further *.*%[***], the size of the French dismantling market can be estimated at *** million euros in ****.
In ****, a study by Roland Berger estimated the ...
1.4 Nuclear safety during the dismantling phase
Nuclear safety in France encompasses the technical and organizational measures put in place to prevent nuclear accidents or minimize their consequences. These measures apply to all phases in the life of basic nuclear installations, including design, construction, operation, shutdown and dismantling, as well as to the transport of radioactive materials.
Nuclear ...
2 Demand analysis
2.1 Status of French nuclear power plants
France's nuclear power plants comprise ** reactors in operation: ** generate *** MW of electrical power, ** produce **** MW, and the remaining four deliver **** MW.
Distribution of reactors by power output France, ****, in MW Source: ****
A **ᵉ reactor, of the EPR (***)type and with an estimated electrical output of **** MW, is currently under construction at Flamanville, ...
2.2 Nuclear facilities to be dismantled: current situation and future prospects
Current projects:
In ****, ** nuclear reactors are in the process of being dismantled or partially dismantled. There are also ** fuel cycle process plants being dismantled[***].the last reactors to be dismantled are the two Fessenheim reactors, which were closed in **** after ** years of operation.
In June ****, Orano completed the dismantling of the ...
2.3 The future of nuclear generation dictated by energy policies
In the early ****s, warnings of the climate risks associated with the continued consumption of carbon-based energy intensified. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (***) continued to present a gloomy outlook for climate change. In addition, the energy impact of Russia's aggression against Ukraine at the end of February **** underlined the vulnerability ...
2.4 A positive perception of nuclear energy in France
Nuclear power enjoys a good reputation in France, with **% of French people saying they are in favor of nuclear power production in France.
Personally, are you in favor or opposed to the production of nuclear energy in France? France, ****, in Source: ****
We can see that the older generations are the most ...
3 Market structure
3.1 Key stages in nuclear dismantling
Main stages in dismantling a nuclear reactor
According to EDF for a pressurized water reactor
Source: ****
According to EDF, the total duration of stages * and * is ** years. This corresponds to the duration after the Mise à l'Arrêt Définitif et Démantèlement (***). In practice, the dismantling phase, from final shutdown ...
3.2 Industry organization and competitive strategy
Organization of the industry :
In France, legislation provides for immediate dismantling once a nuclear facility has been shut down. Dismantling is the responsibility of the operators (***), but involves a number of different players.
The Groupement des industriels français de l'énergie nucléaire (***) has identified *,*** companies in the French nuclear ...
3.3 Dismantling waste management
We note that **% of the waste resulting from the dismantling of a nuclear reactor is non-radioactive , and is waste that could come from any reactor dismantling.
Breakdown of the volume of waste produced by the dismantling of a **** MW reactor France, in % of ***,*** tonnes of waste Source: ****
The management of low- ...
4 Offer analysis
4.1 Different types of reactors and nuclear facilities
According to Roland Berger, there are * types of nuclear reactors:
power reactors, designed to generate electricity:
These are the main ones covered in this study. The ** French nuclear power plants in operation - with a total of ** reactors in operation - are based on the same model and technology. Reactors are ...
4.2 Nuclear decommissioning costs
According to EDF, the cost of dismantling a *** MW reactor in France is estimated at between *** and *** million euros.
Breakdown of main dismantling costs for a *** MW reactor France, according to EDF, in % of total cost Source: ****
Cost uncertainties persist:
According to Les Echos, the true cost of dismantling is difficult ...
4.3 The impact of robotization on the sector
Robotisation is making a significant contribution to nuclear reactor dismantling operations[***].most players have developed robots capable of performing a wide range of tasks inside reactors. These robots can :
automate radiological mapping of installations; assist heavy deconstruction operations; reduce personnel exposure risks (***); various clean-up, dismantling and cutting operations.
This can lead ...
5 Regulations
5.1 Regulatory framework for nuclear decommissioning
When a Basic Nuclear Installation (***) is definitively shut down, its vocation changes, in accordance with the decree authorizing its creation, which specifies the conditions of its operation. The ensuing dismantling operations modify the risks associated with the facility. As a result, these operations cannot be carried out within the regulatory framework ...
5.2 Summary of the different phases in the life of a basic nuclear facility (INB)
Source: ****
6. Segmentation
- Orano
- Véolia Groupe
- Bouygues Construction
- Eiffage Groupe
- Engie
- ONET Groupe
- CEA
- TechnicAtome groupe
- Vinci Groupe
- EDF
- SOLOXY TRAVAUX INDUSTRIELS-DEMANTELEMENT
- NUVIA (Vinci Groupe)
- Derichebourg Environnement
- IRSN
- ANDRA
- Framatome
List of charts
- Number of nuclear reactors in operation in major countries
- Number of nuclear reactors shut down (permanently) in the main countries
- Number of nuclear reactors under construction in the main countries
- Estimated growth in the size of the global nuclear dismantling market
- Breakdown of the main dismantling costs for a 900 MW reactor
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Latest news
How Vinci is preparing its exit from French freeways - 08/02/2024
- Vinci is preparing its exit from the French freeway business for around 2035-2036.
- Vinci profit for 2023: 4.7 billion euros, an increase of 10% on 2022.
- Vinci sales for 2023: around €69 billion, an increase of 12%.
- Share of Group EBITDA generated by motorway concessions in France in 2023: 39%, down 20 points on 2006.
- Share of EBITDA generated by Vinci Airports and other concessions in 2023: 26%, up 24 points on 2006.
- Vinci is the world's leading private airport operator, with more than 70 airports in 13 countries.
- Vinci acquired the Spanish company Cobra IS for 4.9 billion euros in 2021.
- Vinci has signed an agreement to acquire a 55% stake in Brazilian concession company Entrevias by the end of 2023
- Vinci Highways operates some 4,000 kilometers of freeways in 15 countries.
- Vinci owns four highway concessions in the United States.
Veolia's plan for growth in energy - 13/01/2024
- The group already generates a quarter of its sales (just over 10 billion out of almost 43 billion euros in 2022) from the operation of heating networks, the recovery of energy from waste and wastewater, and energy-related services.
- The Group, which has positioned itself in the field of "decarbonizing local energy", estimates that it will be worth 500 billion euros in Europe by 2030
- Services related to energy efficiency in buildings and industry could represent a market worth 200 billion euros by 2030
- Green energy supply and heating/cooling networks could be worth 150 billion euros by 2030.
- The operation of heating networks is Veolia's main energy business (revenues of 5.9 billion euros in 2022),
- Veolia operates more than 500 networks.
Engie New Ventures bets on Upstream Tech, a start-up specializing in water management - 16/12/2023
- Creation of ENGIE New Ventures (ENV): 2014
- Total amount invested by ENV: Over 250 million euros
- ENV investment areas from 2020: Biogas, hydrogen, renewable energies and decarbonization
- Upstream Tech creation date: 2016
- Upstream Tech headquarters: Massachusetts, USA
- Number of Upstream Tech employees: Around 30
- Power of ENGIE's hydroelectric fleet worldwide: 18 gigawatts, equivalent to 18 nuclear reactors.
Veolia to sell its engineering subsidiary SADE - 27/11/2023
- SADE's annual sales are expected to reach around 1.1 billion euros in 2022.
- SADE employs around 6900 people.
EDF : Eiffage to build Penly EPR reactors - 17/11/2023
- Eiffage has signed a contract with EDF for civil engineering work on the EPR2 nuclear reactors in Penly, worth over 4 billion euros.
- Preparatory work is scheduled to start in mid-2024, subject to obtaining the necessary administrative authorizations.
- The two EPR2 reactors at Penly are the first pair of reactors that the French government plans to launch between now and 2035-37, as part of its program to revive the nuclear industry.
Building : Bouygues Construction commits to reusing materials - 31/10/2023
- According to ADEME, reused materials account for only 1% of construction waste.
- Reuse should contribute to a 3% reduction in CO2 emissions from Bouygues' construction activities in France by 2030.
- Its subsidiary Cyneo is a facilitator of the reused materials sector and a marketplace for recycled products
- Cyneo is a community of deconstructors, project owners, materials manufacturers and reconditioners
- The Valobat network, one of the eco-organizations in the new sector for the collection and recycling of building products and materials, is one of Cyneo's six major partners
- Cyneo has a number of partners: Premys, a Colas subsidiary specializing in deconstruction, SMA BTP, which assists with insurance, and BTP Consultants for technical control.
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