The market for debt collection agencies - France (2025)

1.2 Global market

Sales in the global collection agency market will reach US$**.* billion in **** , and are expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (***) of *.*% over the period ****-****.

Projected collection agency sales World, ****-****, in billions of US dollars Source: ****

Theactivity of collection agencies in a given region depends on a number of economic factors, such as interest rates, household disposable income, the number of loans granted and the rate of GDP growth.

On average worldwide, a collection agency recovers *-**% of the total debt it has managed to collect. Companies and banks call on a collection agency when their customer is still in arrears after a period of * to * months. [***]

Geographically,North America maintained its leadership position in ****, contributing over **% of the global market share, with revenues of around **.* billion USD. This performance highlights the region's advanced credit systems and strong demand for collection services. But it is East Asia that is expected to grow fastest over the study period, with a CAGR of *.*% versus *.*% for the USA.

In terms of segmentation by application, the financial sector uses this service the most, accounting for **% of applications, followed by healthcare (***).

Breakdown of collection agency activity by application World, ****, in Source: ****

By ...

1.3 Domestic market

In France, companies operating as collection agencies are registered under NAF code ****Z.

Between **** and ****, collection agencies saw strong growth in sales, rising from ***.** million euros to ***.** million euros, an increase of **%. The period ****-****, however, corresponds to a period of decline for this activity, bringing sales down to ***.** million euros in ****. Since ****, the sector has been growing again. Sales in ****, at ***.** million euros, remain lower than in ****.

evolution of the collection agency sales index France, ****-****, index base *** in **** Source: ****

According to the Fédération Nationale de l'Information d'Entreprise, de la Gestion des Créances et de l'Enquête civile(***), France accounts for ** billion euros in losses due to unpaid receivables annually, and this endangers the work of ***,*** employees. What's more, a quarter of all business failures are linked to late or non-payment.

2.1 Increase in corporate loans

Changes in the number of inter-company loans and the profiles of borrowing companies give an idea of the companies that could potentially find themselves in a situation of non-payment. Thus, the greater the number of corporate loans, the greater the likelihood of collection agencies being called upon.

In September ****, a total of *,***.* billion euros in credit was granted to *,***,*** different companies (***). This shows that the value of loans granted by companies has increased over this period.

The graph below shows the evolution of loans made by businesses (***). We can see thatsmaller companies borrow more than twice as much as larger ones. This is probably due to the greater number of SMEs than large companies. We can also see that for all company sizes combined, the amount of credit outstanding will increase between September **** and September **** .

outstanding loans by company size France, ****-****, in billions of euros Source: ****

We can also look at the sector of companies that borrow money.

The real estate sector accounts for almost half of outstanding loans (***).

Breakdown of outstandings by business activity France, September ****, in billions of euros and as a percentage Source: ****

The accommodation and catering sector is the only one to reduce the value borrowed ...

2.2 A record number of new companies

Changes in the number of companies reflect changes in the activity of collection agencies. Indeed, the more companies there are, the more likely they are to have recourse to an overdue debt, as we saw in *.*, and the more likely they are to have to deal with customers in debt themselves, and therefore to call in a collection agency.

growth in annual number of new businesses France, ****-****, in thousands of companies Source: ****

In ****, the number of business start-ups in France will reach a new record of *,***,***. In ** years, the annual number of business start-ups has risen from ***,*** in **** to *,***,*** in ****, an increase of almost **%, and the trend is set to continue.

In terms of business sectors, specialized, scientific and technical activities contributed the most to these creations, with **.*% of companies, followed by trade, car and motorcycle repairs with **% of companies, and construction with *% of creations.

The seven sectors that contributed most to business start-ups France, ****, in Source: ****

Finally, we are interested in the regional distribution of these business start-ups, as this is an indicator of the location of potential customers or creditors for collection agencies.

2.3 Shorter payment terms for SMEs than for large companies

After rising slightly in **** during the health crisis, customer and supplier payment times for companies excluding micro-businesses fell by * days in ****, marking the second consecutive fall after ****.

For France, after falling to less than a third during the Covid, the rate of French companies paying their suppliers without delay approached **% in ****.

Trend in % of late payments France, **** - ****, in Source: ****

The French law on the modernization of the economy (***), which capped payment terms at ** days, has strongly encouraged this reduction in payments. Nevertheless, large companies, which are less numerous than SMEs and ETIs, are experiencing an increase in their payment terms, as shown in the graph below:

However, " long delays " increase in ****. At the same time, the proportion of "major delays" increases significantly in **** in France. at the end of December, *.*% of companies were more than ** days overdue, compared with *.*% in the last quarter of ****, a rate now close to that calculated in Europe.

Late payments by company size France, ****, in days Source: ****

the deterioration in late payments in **** concernsall company sizes.

with the exception of companies with * to * employees, all other company sizes show a deterioration in late payments.

This is particularly true of the smallest companies, those with fewer ...

2.4 Household overindebtedness mainly affects women and low-income earners

Households may also be in arrears or unpaid and be contacted by collection agencies. The sources of unpaid debts can be multiple: repayment of a loan (***), etc.

We are going to draw up a profile of households filing for overindebtedness in France in ****. In fact, these are the same households that have received reminders from debt collection agencies.

Over-indebtedness files are filed with the government when a person is no longer able to pay their debts. If the application is accepted, the commission may decide to :

total cancellation of personal debt without judicial liquidation total cancellation of personal debt with judicial liquidation if the person has assets to sell partial cancellation of personal debt a personalized payment plan to help the debtor repay his debts

The categories of creditors of overindebted households can be seen below .

Creditor categories of overindebted households France, ****, in Source: ****

In addition, below we can look at the average household debt between median / average debt excluding real estate.

Average household debt France, ****, in Source: ****

Below, we can draw up a persona of over-indebted people. We can also look at the gender breakdown below .

Gender distribution of creditors France, ****, in Source: ****

In ****, the profile of overindebted households is ...

3.1 Value chain

Collection agencies generally start the procedure with an amicable phase, which consists of reminding the debtor of his unpaid debt and then, if there is no response, sending a formal notice followed by reminders. After a certain period of time, which depends on the collection agency, and in the absence of payment, two outcomes are possible: in most cases, legal proceedings are launched to "force" collection (***). [***] The latter case may arise, for example, when the debtor is a company that has gone bankrupt.

3.2 Collection agencies in France

The number of collection agencies has fallen in ten years, from *** in **** to *** in ****.

number of collection agencies France, ****-****, in units Source: ****

Yet the number of employees in this sector has been rising steadily since ****, from *,*** employees that year to *,*** employees in ****. We will see later (***) that this is due to the diversification of this sector: companies engaged in collection activities may have other main activities and therefore be registered under a different NAF code.

change in number of employees in collection agencies France, ****-****, in units Source: ****

We now turn to the regional distribution of these companies in mainland France in ****.

The Ile-de-France region is home to the largest number of companies in this sector, with ** agencies, followed by the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region with ** agencies.

3.3 Competition between the profession and judicial commissioners

As of January *, ****, bailiffs are to be referred to as "commissaires de justice". Commissaires de justice are public and ministerial officers whose profession is managed by La Chambre nationale des commissaires de justice. [***]

Commissaires de justice are thus empowered by the State to collect debts. In this case, the title under which the commissaire de justice acts must be clear. Indeed, this public official is also empowered to issue and enforce the collection title provided for in the event of non-payment of a check.

The Macron law (***) gives a monopoly to commissaires de justice on the collection of small claims under *,*** euros and with a simplified procedure by electronic means. Since January *, ****, the amount must not exceed *,*** euros. [***]

Nevertheless, as judicial officers' activities are highly diversified, amicable debt collection in competition with debt collection companies accounted for only **% of the activity of the *,*** authorized judicial officers in ****.[***]

4.1 The offer of the two market leaders

iQera

iQera is a French company, leader in debt collection in France. The company handles ** million cases a year. With sales of *** million euros in **** (***), iQera is also positioned to buy bad debts from banks, trying to recover more than is owed in order to make a profit...[***]

iQera is the result of the merger, in ****, between MSC (***) . Today, iQera recruits *,*** people in ** different locations worldwide. Since the merger, the company has been using artificial intelligence at the time of calls to extract data over time and improve customer relations.

iQera is diversifying across the whole spectrum of customer financial relations , and is also taking action upstream of late payments. Here's the full range of services offered by iQera:

Customer relationship management to avoid dissatisfaction leading to non-payment. Healthy outstandings: management of active customer outstandings, customer knowledge to ensure customer satisfaction, and appropriate management in the event of late payment. But also prevent active customers from falling into arrears. Follow-up solutions with a suitable approach before going to litigation, to maintain customer relations. Amicable collection in your own name or by a bailiff Judicial collection using artificial intelligence to find the best strategy according to the customer's profile. Debt purchase and ...

4.2 New entrants

We're going to talk here about French companies that have only recently been established (***).

Rubypayeur

Rubypayeur was created in ****, born out of the founder's bad personal experience with traditional debt firms. [***] RubyPayeur then moves on to a legal collection phase if the amicable phase has not worked within ** days. RubyPayeur has teamed up with Legalife, a legaltech specializing in online legal document creation, to speed up collection procedures.

Collection costs are also fixed:

Amicable phase fee: **% for success, *% for subscribers with a monthly subscription fee of €**/month. Judicial phase rate: €*** for the procedure, €*** for subscribers.

RubyPayeur's website also features a company rating system based on payment delays and non-payments.

Good Payeur

Founded in **** under the name Badpayeur, the platform similarly specializes in scoring companies based on their good payment behavior. Goodpayeur sells a report on a company for €*, but also offers subscriptions: €** / month to benefit from * reports per month or €** / month for unlimited access. This enables companies to act upstream of non-payment by choosing the right suppliers. ** million structures are listed. [***]

In the collections segment, the company has recorded a **% success rate and a **% reduction in payment delays. GoodPayeur offers a token-based payment system (***)[***]:

Dunning tool: * tokens SMS reminder: * token\ ...

4.3 Company diversification

Numerous companies involved in accounts receivable management have expanded their activities to include collections. The table below gives a non-exhaustive overview of these companies and their main activities, focusing on French groups:

5.1 Legal framework for the collection agency profession

General framework

Collection companies must be declared to the Public Prosecutor. A specific bank account must be set up to receive funds collected by debtors. The debtor may choose to pay the amount owed directly to the creditor company, or to the collection agency, which is then responsible for reimbursing the creditor company. [***]

As collection agencies are usually remunerated on the basis of a percentage of the sum recovered, the law regulates their practices to avoid any abuse. According to articles L***-*, R***-* and R***-* of the Code des procédures civiles d'exécution[***], a collection agency :

Must start any procedure with an initial reminder letter. Is not allowed to charge the debtor for any operating costs (***), and is liable to * years' imprisonment and a fine of ***,*** euros. Does not have the right to come to your home and/or make abusive calls. Calling hours are limited to between * a.m. and * p.m. on weekdays, between * a.m. and * p.m. on Saturdays, and are prohibited on Sundays and public holidays. Cannot divulge personal information about the debtor. Have no legal powers (***)

5.2 Changes in French law regarding unpaid bills

France's tougher laws on corporate overdue debts are helping collection agencies to grow their business. Over the past few decades, the following major changes have taken place:

Law on the modernization of the economy (***), which caps the maximum payment term that can be agreed between the two parties at ** days from the date of invoicing.

The decree of October *, **** introduces a flat-rate surcharge of ** euros for late payment by professionals.

The Sapin II law (***). In addition, repeated payment defaults must be reported to the Ministry of the Economy, and administrative fines are made public. In ****, the reform of the procedure for dealing with business difficulties was modified, aimed at simplifying the management of non-payment situations within a preventive framework. Companies can now more easily take advantage of procedures such as conciliation, safeguard or receivership, enabling solutions to be found before debts reach an insurmountable level. Theintroduction of the Business Protection Act (***) reinforces the effectiveness of the collection procedure by focusing on payment deadlines in both the public and private sectors. Non-compliance with payment deadlines by public administrations is now subject to tighter control, with financial penalties for late payment. This puts additional pressure on companies that previously benefited from longer payment ...

6.1 Player segmentation

• sefairepayer.com
• Aston iTF
• Recouvr'UP - Direct Recouvrement
• RubyPayeur (Atradius Collections)
• GoodPayeur - Direct recouvrement
• Legalife Unltach
• Gcollect
• Cabinet Arc
• Experian
• AGIR Recouvrement
• Intrum
• iQera
• BNP Paribas Factor
• BPCE Factor
• Crédit Mutuel Factor
• Allianz Trade
• Atradius
• Coface
• Concilian (Société Générale)
• 1640 (Experium)
• 2 A Recouvrement (2 A/Recouvrement)
• 2Ys Groupe
• 3B Contentieux
• 3C Recouvrement (3C Recouvrement)
• A.L.R.(Atlantic Leader Recouvrement)
• A.Monrecouvrement (Amr)
• A Point Com
• A.R.C. Soc Recouvrement Creances (Arc)
• A.R.I.A Algorithmic Rating & Investment Analysis
• A2R
• Ab Solvys
• Abc Recouvrement (Abc Recouvrement) (Abc Recouvrement)
• Abjuris
• Abmi (Abmi)
• Abraham & Partners (Abraham & Partners)
• Academie Le Cordon Bleu
• Accalys Finances
• Acem Bretagne Normandie 451
• Acrp (Acrp)
• Actalaw-R
• Acti Creances (Acti Creances)
• Actikar Partners
• Action Contentieux
• Action Finance Recouvrement Afr
• Actori (Artezia Recouvrement 94 - Artezia94)
• Aden Partners (Aden)
• Aderec
• Aes Recouvrement
• Afj - Unipartner
• Ag. Entreprises
• Agec
• Agence Conseil En Recouvrement Europeen (A.C.E.R.E.)
• Agence De Contentieux Recouvrement Macon (A2Cr)
• Agence De Recouvrement Du Centre (Adrc) (Adrc)
• Agence Emporium Recouvrement
• Agence Francaise De Gestion De Creances - Afgc
• Agence Regionale De Recouvrement (Agence Regionale De Recouvrement)
• Agence Reunionnaise De Recouvrement (A.R.R.)
• Agir Recouvrement
• Aide Conseil Gestion Impayes (Acgi)
• Akima Ksakass
• Akissi Kouassi
• Alain Alamele
• Alain Antoine Henri Rocacher
• Alain Barbier
• Alain Frangeul
• Alain Gallo
• Alain Le Menach
• Alain Mathieu
• Alain Naudin (Ancfr)
• Alain Sery
• Aleph
• Alexis Fernandes (Cnrj)
• Alienor Contentieux (Alienor Contentieux)
• Aline Gregoire
• Alma Risk
• Alsace Solutions Encaissements
• Althea Gestion
• Am Recours
• Amandine Rety (Sanchez) (Rso Recouvrement De Creances)
• Amedeo Contentieux Recouvrement (Amedeo Contentieux Recouvrement)
• Amf Recovering
• Ami-Able
• Anaelle Philippe
• Anas Alioui (Alioui Anas)
• Andre Estang
• Andree Libat (Cabinet Michel Charret)
• Angel Luri Corroza (Lexrecouvrement)
• Anne Feuillatre (Porter) (Signature)
• Anne Fonverne
• Anne Marie Tordo (Cordreaux) (Amt)
• Anne R&C, Recouvrement Et Contentieux
• Anne Sophie Res (Lucas)
• Annexe Finance
• Annie Kafoa (Kafoa Recouvrement)
• Anoushka Mohun (Am Tiers Payant)
• Antilles Recouvrement (Antilles Recouvrement) (P2M Sarl)
• Antilles Recouvrement Conseil (Arc)
• Antilles Recouvrement Creances (Arc)
• Antoine Hegesippe (Consultations Redaction Assistance Repre)
• Antoine Mayet
• Antoinette Miedico
• Antygone
• Arac 56
• Arc Polynesie (Sarl Arc Polynesie)
• Arcca
• Arco (Atlantic Contentieux)
• Arcofi (Arcofi)
• Ares Applications
• Ariane Guidez (Recouvrement Assistance)
• Arkoris
• Armelene Rousseau (Pietrus) (Ar-Beneficiaires)
• Arsenal Finances
• Arsenal Recouvrement
• Artadji Abdouroihamane
• Artemis Consulting
• Artemis Recouvrement (Artemis Recouvrement)
• Artezia Recouvrement (A 2 Recouvrement Sarl)
• Artezia Recouvrement Loire
• Artmat
• As Creances Recouvrement
• As Legalteam (Aslt)
• Asn Pro Gestion
• Ass Bati Conseil Debarcadere (Abcd)
• Assistance Conseil Recouvrement (Acr)
• Assistance Europenne De Recouvrements (Assistance Europeenne De Recouvrements) (Aer)
• Assistance Risque Client (Arca Conseil)
• Association Pour Le Recouvrement De L'Impaye (Apri)
• Assugestion
• Astrea Recouvrement (Astrea Recouvrement)
• Atelier Projet 2
• Athias Recouvrements (Reco Juris)
• Atradius Collections B.V.
• Audrey Alcindor (Juliard) (Auxi3A)
• Azur Recouvrement
• B.F.R.C. (B.F.R.C.)
• B.G.C.
• B Ouest Recouvrement (B Ouest Recouvrement)
• B.R.A.
• B.R.G. Antilles- Bureau De Recouvrement Et De Gestion Des Antilles
• Bcr (Bureau Central De Recouvrement)
• Beatrice Ben Oliel (Bellaiche)
• Beatrice Francois (Roy)
• Bernadette Riobe - C Dencia (Bernard)
• Bertrand Barrat
• Bertrand Crespin
• Bgr Caraibes (Bgr Caraibes) (Bgr Caraibes)
• Bibi Hadidja Maoulida
• Black Unicorn Invest (Bye-Creances)
• Blanc & Associes (Juris Provence)
• Bm Finance
• Boris Plaquevent
• Boultame Consulting - Bi Consulting
• Bourgogne Assistance Recouvrement
• Bretagne Contentieux
• Brg Creancial
• Brigitte Brechoire (Giraudon)
• Bruno Emile Marcel Auguet
• Bruno Philippe Arnaudo
• Bruno Rivaille
• Bs Recouvrement (Bs Recouvrement)
• Btp Loire Services (Sasyb)
• Bureau Recherche Gestion De Contentieux (Brgc)
• Bureau Regional De Recouvrements (Business Renseignements Et Recouvrements) (Brr)
• Business Developpement Ressources (Antilles Guyane Recouvrement-Agr) (B.D.R)
• Bz Recouvrement
• C.A. Investigations
• Ca.Re.C Ain-Jura
• Cabigest (Cabigest / A2Alee)
• Cabinet 2S-Cr (2S Contentieux & Recouvrement)
• Cabinet A.C.I. (Stopimpay) (Stopimpay)
• Cabinet A.J.C. (Cabinet A.J.C.)
• Cabinet A2Rm (Assurfact Dauphine Contentieux Amevi)
• Cabinet Amc
• Cabinet Antilles Services Recouvrement (Cabinet Asr) (Cabinet Asr)
• Cabinet As Contentieux (C.C.R)
• Cabinet B.R.I. (Bureau De Recouvrement Des Impayes)
• Cabinet Beghin Et Groux
• Cabinet C.E.R.E.C.
• Cabinet Care
• Cabinet Chateau
• Cabinet Contentieux Germain
• Cabinet D'Ormane
• Cabinet Dauphinois De Recouvrement
• Cabinet De Contentieux Local Et National (Ccln)
• Cabinet De Recherches Fercus (Cabinet De Recherches Fercus)
• Cabinet De Recouvrement Aveyronnais (C.R.A)
• Cabinet De Recouvrement Charentais (Crc)
• Cabinet De Recouvrement De Creance Antilles-Guyane (Antilles-Guyane Recouvrement) (Crdc)
• Cabinet De Recouvrement De Creances Et De Gestion De Patrimoine (C.R.C.G.P.)
• Cabinet De Recouvrement Normand (Cabrec) (Cabrec)
• Cabinet De Recouvrement Vendeen (C.R.V.)
• Cabinet Effigest
• Cabinet Etoile Et Associes
• Cabinet Europa Contentieux
• Cabinet Gref (Rf)
• Cabinet Hervault
• Cabinet Judicieux
• Cabinet Legisma
• Cabinet Lory
• Cabinet Lory
• Cabinet Mailley (Cabinet Mailley)
• Cabinet Md
• Cabinet Morgal (Office Regional De Poursuites)
• Cabinet Normand De Recouvrement-C.N.R.-Groupe Artezia
• Cabinet Pfister (Dpr)
• Cabinet Phenix
• Cabinet Pierri Associes
• Cabinet Professionnel De Recouvrement (Crn 49/37 - Artezia)
• Cabinet Recouvr Vosges Meurthe Et Mosell (Crvm)
• Cabinet Recouvrement Creances Et Contentieux
• Cabinet Recouvrement Etienne C.
• Cabinet Recouvrement Gestion Contentieux (Crgc)
• Cabinet Recouvrement International Amiable Judiciaire (Criaj)
• Cabinet Recouvrement Rhone-Alpes (Ca.Re.Ra.)
• Cabinet Sogefy (Cabinet Sogefy)
• Cabinet Stop Impaye Recouvrement Et Contentieux (Sir&C)
• Cabinet Wegelin
• Cabot Financial France (Nemo Credit Management - Paycheque)
• Cagefi
• Caisse Region Garan Cours Appe
• Cap Recouvrement (Cap Recouvrement)
• Cap Recouvrement (Cap Recouvrement)
• Cap Recovery (Cap Recovery)
• Caprim Ermo (Caprim)
• Caraibes Gestion
• Carine Zobda
• Carole Irene Giraud (Boyer)
• Caroline Malhomme (L'Indu'Gestion)
• Carpz (Carpz)
• Cartel Damage Claims France (Cdc France)
• Cash & Collect
• Cash Collected
• Catch (Cabinet Dnc)
• Catch Picardie (Catch Picardie)
• Catherine Winterhalter (Guenon) (Ficongest)
• Catia Gestion
• Cbr Mediation
• Ccm Culture Cash Management
• Cdc Lux 1 Sa
• Cedric Michel
• Celine Glorieux
• Celine Pesquet-Canhan (Pesquet) (Cabinet Pesquet-Canhan)
• Centrale Encaissement Et Recouvrement (Cer)
• Centre De Gestion Des Impayes (Cgip) (Cgip)
• Cfo-France (Cabinet Cfo France)
• Cfr Recouvrements
• Cg Reco & Co (Ah3 Paris Ouest)
• Ch Recouvrement
• Charlotte Berthe
• Chiristian Miath (R I P M)
• Christele Bader (Verva)
• Christelle Bataille (1/3 Gagnant)
• Christian Collet (Service Gardiennage Vehicule Recouvrement)
• Christian Laurent (Laurent Christian)
• Christian Raguin
• Christine Essobe
• Christine Gimard
• Christophe Pierre
• Cib Consulting
• Cie Genrale De Recouvrement Mutualiste (Eurose) (Cgrm)
• Cie Nationale De Recouvrements (Cnr)
• Cirs Cabinet D'Ingenierie Et De Recherches Strategiques
• Claude Talavera
• Claudia Ravomanana
• Claudine Boireau (Legras)
• Cm-Cic European Large Cap Senior Debt Fund
• Cm-Cic Infra Debt Fund
• Cmc2
• Codeactive (Codeactive)
• Codinf Services +
• Coeo Incasso Bv
• Cofirec 2 Savoie (Cabinet Cofirec)
• Cojuris
• Colette Bridard Cimino (Bridard)
• Comea
• Compagnie Fiduciaire Commerciale (Cofico)
• Compagnie Universelle Des Accompagnements Complementaires (Uc-Ca) (Uc-Ca)
• Comptoir Fiduciaire De Paris (Cfp)
• Concentrix Payment Services France Sas (Concentrix Payment Services France) (Cps France)
• Concilian
• Conseils Recouvrements Informations Services France (C.R.I.S. France)
• Consensus
• Copernicus France Sas
• Copro-Solutions
• Corec France (Corec France) (Corec France)
• Corfac Finances
• Cra Societe En Nom Collectif
• Crc (Crc)
• Crc (Dpr)
• Creanc'Iale
• Creances Assistance Recouvrement Rapide Efficace (Carre) (Carre)
• Creances Conseil
• Creances Manager
• Creances & Solutions (Www.Creances.Solutions)
• Creancia
• Creancis
• Credirec Finance
• Credit Consulting (Ader Capital)
• Credit Consulting Loiret (Credit Consulting Loiret)
• Credit Plus
• Credit Team Services (Panorama Risk Consulting Agence Du Val-De-Marne Credit Team) (Cts)
• Credits Confiance (Credits Confiance)
• Creditum Expertis
• Crgc Recouvrement
• Cristal Credit France
• Cristal Risk Management
• Crp-Cabinet De Recouvrement Poitevin
• Ctda Recouvrement (Cabinet Thierry Drault & Associes)
• Ctre Reg De Traitement De L'Impaye (Crti) (Crti)
• Cvr 84
• Cyrus Recouvrement (Cyrus Recouvrement)
• D.G.B. Et Associes
• Dab.Recouvrement (Dab.Recouvrement)
• Damien Weit
• Daniel Favre
• Daniel Hanquiez
• Danielle Damian (Calbini)
• David Bussiere (Cabinet Bussiere)
• David Lecossier (Promethee Finance)
• David Sery
• Debt Collect Consultant
• Debt Collection Opera (Debt Collection Opera) (Dco)
• Debtco France
• Defrance Recouvrement (Defrance Recouvrement)
• Delayed
• Delemer
• Delta Fiduciaire
• Derrar Recouvrement Et Enquete (Dre)
• Dervaux Recouvrement
• Diane Boukefoussa
• Diane Recouvrement Conseil
• Didier Lorthios
• Didier Tribou
• Direct Recouvrement
• Dome Creances
• Dominique Boquet
• Dominique Cerveaux
• Dominique Martin
• Dominique Poudat
• Dominique Rousselot
• Domino Services
• Doriane Bernardin ([Nd])
• Double H Services (Dhs)
• E.C.A Strategie
• E C F (E C F Etudes Commerciales Et Finacieres)
• E.Recove (E.Recove)
• Eagle Recouvrement Martinique (Eagle Cash Management)
• Ecce Recours
• Eddie Balafre (Rungie.Com974)
• Eliana Valente
• Elixo (Elixo)
• Ellisphere
• Elodie Schinetti (Facture Administration)
• Em@ Consultant
• Emmanuel Ahres
• Emmanuel Bluteau Conseil Et Developpement (Ebcd)
• Envimat
• Eos Contentia (Contentieux Fidelisation Impayes)
• Eos France (Eos)
• Eric Bonnafe
• Ethifinance Ratings, S.L.
• Etienne Lasnier
• Euler Hermes Recouvrement France
• Eurl Arc65
• Eurl Jpsb
• Eurl Lbn Conseil En Recouvrement (Lbn Corec)
• Eurl Mip
• Euroacting
• Eurofigest (Eurofigest)
• Europ Finances
• Europ Finances Developpement (Efd)
• Europarec
• Ev Solution De Facturation
• Eva Celine
• Eveline Dahan (Guez) (Recoma)
• Exe-Juris (Exe-Juris)
• Expert Recouvrement
• F.Domm
• Fabien Laroche
• Fabienne Faugeron
• Fabrice Bove
• Fabrice Koziel
• Fabrice Uzan (Ava Consulting)
• Fides Ocean Indien
• Fiduciaire Du Forez
• Fiducie Recouvrement
• Fiduref
• Filaction
• Finance Justitia
• Financiere D'Aquitaine
• Financiere De Recouvrement Finrec
• Financiere W.S.
• Fine Actes Recouvrement (F & A Recouvrement)
• Finexpert
• Fitch Ratings Ireland Limited
• Fj Conseil
• Flandres Contentieux Sa
• Flash Recouvrement
• Fleur Sanchez
• Florian Bargues (Blockview)
• Florian Bruscant (Cabinet Cbr)
• Fluctis Sas
• Forcera (Forcera Recouvrement)
• Fortaine Collect (Ribpay)
• Fouzia Mohammed (Protegfinances)
• France Contentieux (France Contentieux International)
• France Express Recouvrement (F.E.R)
• France Service Recouvrement
• France Sud Est Recouvrement (France Sud Est Recouvrement)
• Francevols (Francevols)
• Francine Petit (Le Peutrec)
• Francis Baldet
• Franck Delanoy (Fd-Consulting)
• Frankie Mbadinga (Badoli)
• Frederic Schindler
• Frederic Zandona
• Freelance Asset Management Ltd
• Frost Group
• Fulmar Recoveries
• G.F.R. (Gestion Fiduciaire Rennaise) (Cabinet G.F.R.)
• G-Payment
• G'Troks
• G2C Europe
• Gabriel Hornn
• Gabriel Llabres
• Gamal El Hagary
• Gard
• Garnem
• Gcd Consultant (Sarl Gcd Consultant)
• Gdm
• Gearmo Mouhoudhoiri (Mg Recouvrement)
• Gefirec
• Generale De Recouvrement (Generale De Recouvrement) (Gdr)
• Genese Factua
• Georges Cadet
• Georges Sanchez
• Gerald Pietrek
• Gerard Faurie (Ccc Recouvrement)
• Geri.Fr
• Germain Labry
• Gesco Expert
• Gescofac Finances (Gescofac Finances)
• Gest'Impayes
• Gestaltcom
• Gestion 411
• Gestion Credit Expert (France-Creances Inforcredit Gorrias Consultants Europe-Recouvrement Mes Impayes Sos-Impayes Vite-Encaisser) (Cgd)
• Gestion Credit Interentreprises-Gci (Gestion Credit Interentreprises -Gci / Afreco)
• Gestion Etineria International
• Gexel Recouvrement (Gexel Collect)
• Gie Centre De Regulation Tap
• Gie Commissaires De L'Ouest (Cdo)
• Gilles Adelinet
• Gilles Perzo
• Gisette Chenilco (Gautier) (Recouvrement Plus)
• Glassconnect
• Global Contentieux
• Gnr Immobilier
• Gogest (Gogest)
• Gr Conseils
• Grc Recouvrement
• Gregory Franchi
• Groupe Cbl
• Groupe Ds Gestion (Ds Gestion)
• Groupe Interec
• Groupe Jm Conseil (Groupe Jm Conseil Groupe Jmc)
• Groupe Rst
• Groupe Service Recouvrement (G S R)
• Groupement Des Poursuites Exterieures (G.P.E.)
• Gtp Pharma
• Guy Cavoleau (Cabinet Contentieux Des Pays De Loire)
• Guy Hierle
• Guy Jouanny
• H.G.L. Participation (Pga - Recouvrement)
• H Recouvrement
• Hafida Moutrous (F2M Recouvrement)
• Haller Finance
• Haussmann Recouvrement (Haussmann Recouvrement)
• Heaven'S Gate
• Hedson Page & Associes Sarl (Hedson Page & Associes Sarl) (Hp & Associes Sarl)
• Henri Comas Recouvrement De Creances (Hcrc)
• Henri Lacouture
• Henri Moisset
• Herve Mielcarek
• Herve Oury
• Herve Vaillante
• Hold Mi Compta
• Horizon Recouvrement
• Htp Paie Rh (Htp Formation)
• Hugues Lula
• Human Reco
• Hydrosphere (Generex)
• I.R.D. (Ingenierie, Restructuraction Et Defaisance)
• I.S.A Pro
• Idalliance (Idalliance)
• Ies
• Igrec
• Ijcof
• Impact-Plus
• Incorec
• Indemniflight
• Ines Sibai (Zahana Oni) (Gestion De La Comptabilite Des Entreprises)
• Infogreffe
• Infolegale (Infolegale Et Marketing)
• Infor Creances (Ics)
• Infoscore
• Insolutis
• Intrum Corporate (Intrum - Ijcof - Cofreco - Ophelos)
• Investig Recouvr Amiab Creanc Reun (I.R.C. Reunion) (I R C Reunion)
• Iqera
• Iqera Group
• Iqera Services
• Iriad (Iriad) (Iriad)
• Isabelle Barotte (Pavani)
• Isabelle Durand (Rouch)
• Isis Recouvrement De Creances
• Issa Sidibe
• Iwg France Sarl
• Jackie Pagie
• Jacky Le Peuc'H
• Jacqueline Artigue (Le Bozec)
• Jacques Duriez
• Jacques Magret (Union Bordelaise Gestion Creance Ubgc)
• Jacques Marin
• Jacques Potiron De Boisfleury
• Jarius (Artezia Recouvrement 44)
• Jean Bosc (Contentieux C R D R)
• Jean-Christian David
• Jean-Claude Barge
• Jean Claude Clarence
• Jean-Claude Schifano
• Jean-Francois Jacobe (Jacobe Jean-Francois)
• Jean-Lo C Merceron
• Jean-Louis Ferrasse
• Jean-Louis Hernas
• Jean-Luc Francois
• Jean Luc Millet (Mjl)
• Jean Palut
• Jean Pierre Meysselle
• Jean-Pierre Minidoque (Recouvrement)
• Jean-Pierre Plaza (Fc Conseil)
• Jean-Yves Marchadour
• Jeanine Gustave Dit Duflo
• Jeannine Legeay
• Jeremy Poirier
• Jeroflo
• Jerome Ben Oliel
• Jerome Boileve
• Jnb
• Jnv G.E.R.
• Jocelyne Armenia (Muller)
• Joel Blondeau
• Johnny Gence
• Joseph Delage
• Jpj & Associes
• Julie Aithocine
• Julie Euzenat (Julie Euzenat)
• Julien Galliot
• Julien Moreau (J&M Recovery)
• Julien Salome
• Junia Fernand
• Jurexpert
• Jurifact (Actif Creances)
• Juriloc
• Juriprotec
• Juris Executive
• Juris Gestion (Juris Gestion Sud)
• Jurist'Cover (Cavaloc)
• Juristu Recouvrement Sarl
• Jury'S Leader
• Justine Singeot
• Justrecovisor (Justrecovisor) (Justrecov)
• Katia Ait Mokrane
• Kj Consulting
• Kreancia
• L.Cap
• L Information Mutuelle
• L.M.A Recouvrement (L.M.A Recouvrement)
• La Francaise De Recouvrement
• Lab Fashion
• Laboratoire Clinidis
• Laura Despradels
• Laura Mocovan
• Laurence Menichini (Verdonck)
• Laurent Bledniak
• Laurent Fischer
• Lb Sud Ouest Recouvrement (Lb Sor)
• Lbm Contentieux
• Le Reseau (Le Reseau)
• Lecreditmanagement.Com (Lecreditmanagement.Com)
• Leonard Farraudiere
• Levo Recouvrement (Levo Recouvrement)
• Lex Consulting (Lex Consulting)
• Lexia France Rec
• Lextentia
• Lexy Up (Lexy-Up)
• Lilia Youcef (Attitude Recouvrement)
• Lilian Kerckhove
• Liliane Daguin (Renaud)
• Linda Medjoubi (Berroubache)
• Link Financial Sas
• Lionel Esnault
• Lionel Gomot
• Lixia Recouvrement
• Lm Contentieux Universel (Eolia)
• Loki
• Lorine Dutain (L'Ami Des Idels)
• Lorraine Recouvrement (Lorrec)
• Louis Barraille
• Louis Simon
• Luc Ledigarcher
• Lucendi 360
• Lucette Lecrocq (Colas) (Les Assurances Du Parisis)
• Lucien Deriaz
• Lydia Lydia (Chabli)
• M.C.S. & Associes
• M.M (M.M)
• M3C (M3C - M3 Confiance)
• Madison, Spol. S.R.O.
• Magali Richard (Thebault) (Mag'Recouvrement)
• Management De Creances Internationales (Mdci)
• Manuel Dalonneau
• Marie Aline Delatre
• Marie Christine Vallarnaud (Maillard)
• Marie Hector Rollier
• Marie Lebon
• Marie Serignac
• Marion Masson (Bastian)
• Maroquinerie Et Bagages De France
• Martial Fernandez (Fernandez Recouvrement)
• Martinique Recouvrement (Caprim)
• Mathieu Diols
• Mattea Nivaggioli
• Maurice Boisset
• Max Recovery Limited (Max Capital)
• Mayday Assistance Travel (Mayday Assistance Travel)
• Mayrecouvrement
• Mcow
• Mcs Tm
• Mediatform
• Melissa Efah Mbazoa
• Mercure Finances (Bureau Nat Recouvrement Impayes (Bnri))
• Mesdepanneurs.Fr
• Mg Recouvrement 974 (Mg Recouvrement 974)
• Mi Recouvrement
• Michel Cautain
• Michel Hugues
• Michel Jacob (Crea)
• Michel Murer
• Michel Parson
• Michel Pieters (Office Varois De Poursuites (Ovp))
• Michel Senellier
• Michel Yvroud
• Mireille Denise (Felten)
• Mohammed Liousri
• Moise Lubin (Srcg-Societe De Recouvrement De Creance Guadeloupeenne)
• Money Flow (Money Flow)
• Moneyback
• Monique Colleaux
• Moody'S France Sas
• Mourad Chalal
• Mp Recouvrement
• Mpao Services (Mpao Services)
• Mylene Faure (Myrecouv)
• Nabawi Consulting (Nabco)
• Nacs Recouvrement
• Najoua Bensafiddine (Matoug) (B-Erm (Ben Expertise Recovery & Management))
• Nancy Ramos
• Nathalie Dagonia
• Nathalie Delettre (Nathalie Delettre)
• Nathalie Rodrigues (Peytier) (Nathalie Rodrigues Recouvrement)
• Navoca
• Naxos Management Sasu
• Nb Recouvrement
• Negerec Guama Antilles (Negerec)
• Neosolva Hauts De France
• Neuilly Contentieux
• Neunwon Hilla
• New Budget
• Nica
• Nicolas Marrale
• Nicole Emily Ewele (Maxeise Recouvrement)
• Nijeva
• Nora Amach (Amghar)
• Nord Ouest Recouvrement
• Nour El Hassan
• Novocash (Novocash)
• Npl Collection
• Olivier Camalet
• Olivier Germain
• Olivier Limbach
• Olivier Michaut
• Olivier Sereni
• Omar Bekare
• Oncg Debt Collectors
• Op4Services
• Opr (Opr)
• Optimai Sarl
• Organ Nouvell Recouvrem Enquet Corse (Onrec)
• Orlane Finances
• Otopina Recouvrement (Otopina Recouvrement)
• Ouest Contentieux
• Oui Reward (O R)
• Outremer Recouvrement (Org)
• Overland (Overland)
• Ozalee (Ozalee)
• P.F.R. Pole Financier De Recouvrement (P.F.R.)
• Paie Ta Facture
• Paiement Cash (Paiement Cash) (P.C.)
• Pair Finance Gmbh
• Paris Juridique Escande Bjoh (Paris Juridique Escande Bjoh)
• Parsys Lease
• Partner Contentieux
• Pascal Mallet
• Pascale Denis (Civel) (Dp Recouvrement)
• Patrice Bajazet (Bjz Recouvrement)
• Patrice Caquineau
• Patrice Scappazzoni
• Patricia Fontaine (Verrot)
• Patrick Christine
• Patrick Jadin
• Patrick Lopez
• Patrick Morille
• Paye Finances
• Payelle (Groupe Sevigne)
• Payment Logistics Services (Pls)
• Paytrip (Paytrip)
• Pegase Recouvrement
• Peggy Cardoso (Crespo-Pimenta) (Opticash)
• Perennae
• Phbn
• Philippe Barraille (Acr)
• Philippe Couturier (Cabinet Couturier-Monteux)
• Philippe Deguillaume
• Philippe Fouillet (Cabinet Philippe Fouillet Contentieux)
• Pierre Charles Maillard
• Pierre Grava (Agence Fernomaine)
• Pierre Hernandez (Hernandez Recouvrement)
• Pierre Russo
• Pms Gestion
• Pouey International Sa
• Pre Contentieux Recouvrement Antilles Guyane (Caprim) (P R A G)
• Pre-Venance
• Precredit
• Pregerisk
• Priscilla Bouby (Laur) (Plm-Recherches)
• Priscilla Phong (Fact'Assistance - Mode Et Vous)
• Pro.2.R (Pro.2.R) (Pro.2.R)
• Pro-Consult
• Procap
• Profile Investment (Ufg Icc)
• Progeris
• Progestcli
• Promorem
• Prooptim
• Psm Consulting
• Quantum Perfectis
• Question Credit Management Finance
• Quoc-Son Vo Van
• Quotalitis
• Rachida Fath (Mission Gerer Et Recouvrer)
• Rbc Concept Recouvrement
• Rcrj Recouvrement (Rcrj Recouvrement Sarl) (Sarl Rcrj)
• Reacher Financement
• Reactia Recouvrement
• Reaction (Reaction Recouvrement)
• Reagir (Cofrar)
• Rec-All Center
• Reco Plus (Reco Plus)
• Recocash
• Recofim
• Recofirst (Ocr)
• Recogest
• Reconorm
• Recosud (Recosud)
• Recouv ' Expertise (Rex)
• Recouv Lib (Recouv-Lib)
• Recouvrement
• Recouvrement 31
• Recouvrement - Assistance - Secretariat (Au Moment De Detente) (R.A.S.)
• Recouvrement Contentieux Icaunais (R C I)
• Recouvrement De Creances Paca (Rcp)
• Recouvrement Et Contentieux Du Plateau
• Recouvrement Europeen De Creances (R E C)
• Recouvrement Gal Financement Solvabilite (Rgf)
• Recouvrement Leon Halski
• Recouvrement Positif
• Recouvrements Conseils Prevention (Rcp)
• Recoverr
• Recovery Inside
• Recovium
• Regie Des Creances
• Relance & Sante
• Remboursez-Moi
• Renaissance
• Reseauglass
• Ressource (Creancil)
• Retrieval Sud
• Retriever Recouvrement
• Retrival Ouest
• Reunion Prestations
• Reynald De Ciechi
• Rgc Contentieux (Sarl Rgc Contentieux)
• Rgc (Retrival Group)
• Richard Fontenit
• Richelaine Alamelou
• Riverty Services Netherlands Bv
• Rm Solution Tp
• Rms Recouvrement
• Romain Gaschet Consulting (Cabinet Ouest Credit)
• Rosana Dana (Cols)
• Rozenn Rosiere (Izenic)
• Rs-Rc
• Rtm (Conseil En Credits Fournisseurs)
• Ruby (Ruby Payeur)
• S.A.P.C. Ufipro Recouvrement
• S.F.C.R.
• S F I R T
• S&P Global Ratings Europe Limited
• S.P. Immo
• Sa Belle Petit Recouvrement
• Saag
• Sabine Goedert (Ricerca2)
• Sabrina Perianayagom
• Said Salim
• Sam Thierry Paul Ghibaudo (Alpacoo)
• Samir Ferhat
• Sandra Malika Otmani
• Sandrine Beneto
• Sandrine Orlinsky
• Sandrine Robert
• Sanofi-Synthelabo Ocean Indien
• Saphir Consultants
• Sarah Klonjkowski (Dayan)
• Sarah Taurel (Radziejwicz)
• Sarl 3 M Services (Cabinet Soverec)
• Sarl A G R V
• Sarl A.J. Recouvrement
• Sarl P E R F (Creancial Mediterranee Creancial Juris Mediterranee-Cjm Creancial Sante Creancial Sante Mediterranee)
• Sarl Seal Consulting (Aff Recouvrement Asb Gestion Asb Construction)
• Sarl Sjc Corallo (Optim-Cash)
• Sarl Sorarec
• Sas Groupe Cegir
• Sas Intersud Services
• Sas Office De Procedure Juridique (Office De Procedure Juridique) (Sas Opj)
• Sas Union Bordelaise De Gestion De Creances
• Sasu Acutas
• Savoies Recouvrement
• Sayo Consulting
• Scamp Recouvrement (Scamp Recouvrement)
• Scd Recouvrement
• Scope Ratings Gmbh
• Scor Express (Cabinet Scor)
• Scrc - Cabinet Fer
• Sdr
• Sebastien Lacroix
• Secep
• Sege-Com (Sege-Com)
• Segula Sea & Aerospace Gie
• Serge Chemen
• Serge Debuisson
• Serge Menestrtaud (Menestraud)
• Serge Selbonne-Tirolien
• Sfb Recouvrement Et Gestion
• Sgsci Impayesonline
• Sip Societe D'Investigation Privee
• Sir & Coh
• Skimm! (Skimm!)
• Sky Assistance
• Sobrec
• Soc De Financement Des Concessionnaires (Sofice)
• Soc Eur Contenti Recher Enquetes Privees (Cab Detective G.B Cab Recouvr Secrep....) (Secrep)
• Soc Fran-Poursuit-Recouvrement (Sfpr)
• Soc Francilienne De Recouvrement (Sofrare Sa)
• Soc Gestion Recouvrement Creances (Sogerc)
• Societe Antillaise De Recouvrement Et D'Assistance Administrative Et Juridique (Saraaj)
• Societe D'Accompagnement Et Conseil En Gestion D'Entreprise (S.C.G.E. Conseil)
• Societe D'Assistance Financiere Et De Recouvrement (Cabinet Safir)
• Societe De Gestion Des Risques Clients Antilles (Sogerisques Antilles) (Sogerisques Antilles)
• Societe De Gestion Des Risques Clients Guyane (Societe De Gestion Des Risques Clients Guyane) (Sogerisques Guyane)
• Societe De Gestion Des Risques Clients Outre-Mer (Sogerisques Outremer) (Sogerisques Outremer)
• Societe De Participations Et D'Etudes (Spe)
• Societe De Recouvrement De Creances (Societe De Recouvrement De Cre Ances) (Ds Themis)
• Societe De Recouvrement Picarde (Societe De Recouvrement Picarde) (S.O.R.E.P.I)
• Societe De Recouvrements De La Vienne (Sorevi)
• Societe Fiduciaire Nord Picardie (Societe Fiduciaire Nord Picardie) (Sfnp)
• Societe Fonciere Sud Est
• Societe Francaise De Recouvrement International (Soc Fr De Recouvrement Int) (S.F.R.I.)
• Societe Nationale De Contentieux
• Societe Optimal Recouvrement France (Optimal Recouvrement France) (Or France)
• Sofarec
• Sogec Recouvrement (Cogep)
• Sogedi
• Sogexam (L.G.C.)
• Solagi
• Solution Creance
• Solutions Recouvrement
• Solvabilite Entreprise (Creditsafe France)
• Solvarec
• Solvencia
• Sonia Di Manno (De Souza)
• Sophia Bieux (A.S.B Management)
• Sophie Marlier (Ms Recouvrement / Conseils Juridiques)
• Soreco Solutions
• Soredom
• Sorenir (Sorenir)
• Spelios
• Spm France (Spm France)
• Sr Consulting (Src)
• Src Haloise
• Sspcollect
• Ste Rhone Alpes De Contentieux
• Steeves Diomar
• Step Soc En Imagerie Medicale (Sim)
• Stephane Boucard (Caprim-Gesfac)
• Stephane Van Belleghem
• Stephanie Becker (Pucelle)
• Stephanie Dossou-Yovo
• Steve Bucher
• Stop Aux Impayes (Stop Aux Impayes)
• Strategie Recouvrement International (Sri)
• Sud-Contentieux (Groupe Concilia)
• Sud Creances (Sud Creances)
• Sybo Recouvrement
• Sylvain Casez
• Sylvie Aznar
• Sylvie Damiens
• Team Partners Crm
• Teddy Charpentier (Soreca Recouvrement)
• Tgs France Recouvrement (Tgs France)
• The Global Credit Data Consortium
• Thi Do (Ngo) (Do Conseils)
• Thierry Coquerel (Ct Recouvrement)
• Thierry Derby
• Thierry Galia
• Thierry Logeart (L.C.L. Mediation)
• Thomas Orsini (Cvr Costa Verde Recouvrement)
• Thomel
• Thomy Verification (Thomy)
• Times Air
• Toioumina Madi Souffou (Mayotte Recouvrement - Sos Papiers 976)
• Tp Pharma (Tp Pharma)
• Tracc
• Traitem Inform Prest Commerc (Tipc)
• Trezo
• Ulysse Corp.
• Union Financiere Enquete Et Recouvrement (Ufer)
• Unpaid Company
• Urgences Creances Contentieux (Urgences Creances Contencieux) (U.C.C.)
• Valbel
• Valentin Tokarz
• Valerie Boirot (Auditpro)
• Valma
• Vanessa Chatou (Bolivar)
• Vaviel (Vaviel)
• Vcd Recouvrement
• Vendome Recouvrement
• Vengroff William & Associates France Inc
• Veraltis Asset Management
• Verif-Dettes (Verif-Dettes.Fr)
• Verifone Systems France Sas
• Vialegis
• Vialegis France
• Vicking Gcc
• Victor Nouioua (Cabinet Prades)
• Victoriel Conseil
• Virginie Lallement (Loyers Solutions Conseils)
• Visaudio Centrale
• Vision France Production (V.F.P) (V.F.P)
• Vm Gereco
• Vmp.Investigations (Vmpi)
• Voilier Partners Trabalho Temporario
• Vol-Retarde.Fr
• Wanda Ribeiro (R.Recovery)
• Wanted (Wanted Investigation)
• Webcheck
• Weneo Recouvrement (So.F.R.A.)
• Willaw
• Xuan Li
• Yannick Christophe (Drom Market)
• Yannick Knieczak
• Yassin Yahiaoui
• Yoann Fiancette
• Yram Recouvrement
• Yves Pech
• Yvon Girard
• Zadaly
• Zero-Impayes.Fr (Zero-Impayes.Fr)
• Zola