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1 Synthèse du marché
1.1 Introduction
The hydropower market concerns the production of electricity generated through the use of water. This type of energy is one of the pillars of renewable energy worldwide, playing a key role in the energy transition to a low-carbon future.
A hydropower plant relies on a dam-like structure that creates a reservoir or reservoir. Water is conveyed through canals and tunnels to the hydro turbine, generating mechanical power that is converted into electricity by a rotating generator. Hydropower plants are divided into three types:[Enel]
- Flowing water power plant: This type of hydroelectric power plant directly uses the natural flow of a river or stream. The water is channeled to turbines, which generate electricity by the force of the water's flow. After driving the turbines, the water is fed back into the stream downstream of the plant. The main feature of this type of power plant is its direct dependence on water flow, without the need for storage.
- Reservoir power plant: These hydropower plants use water stored in a reservoir, which can be natural or artificial (created by a dam). The water flows in the fall to drive turbines and then is fed back into the river. One of the distinguishing features of this type of power plant is the ability to control electricity generation and water availability in terms of both flow and quantity.
- Storage power plant: This type of hydroelectric power plant, also known as a pumped storage power plant, uses two reservoirs located at different elevations, one upstream and one downstream. This allows a dual regime: during periods of lower energy demand, water, after driving the turbines, can be pumped back into the upstream reservoir, using the turbines as an electrical pumping system. In this way, the downstream reservoir acts as an energy reserve. When energy demand is high, the water can be released to drive the turbines again.
Worldwide, hydropower generation increased by nearly 70 TW h (nearly 2 percent) in 2022, reaching 4,300 TWh. Hydropower remains the largest renewable source of electricity, generating more than all other renewable technologies combined. Over the past five years, the average growth rate has been less than one-third of what was required, signaling the need for significantly stronger efforts, especially to simplify permitting and ensure project sustainability.[IEA]
The size of the global hydropower market was estimated at $236.4 billion in 2021 and is expected to exceed $371.8 billion by the end of 2030, registering a compound annual growth rate(CAGR) of 5.16 percent during the 2022-2030 forecast period.[Precedenceresearch]
This study focuses exclusively on the hydropower market. For information on related markets, such as solar power or wind power, please refer to the specific studies available in the Businesscoot catalog.
1.2 The global market
The size of the global hydropower market has been estimated at $*** billion in **** and is expected to exceed about $***.** billion by the end of **** and register a compound annual growth rate(***) of *.* percent during the forecast period from **** to ****.
the total demand for electricity is rapidly increasing due to the huge ...
1.3 The Italian market
In ****, electricity demand falls by * percent compared to ****, or about * TWh less. Even more acute is the decline of renewables, which fall below the *** Twh threshold for the first time since ****, covering a lower percentage of electricity demand than in past years: from **.*% in **** to **.*% in ****.
In addition, demand for fossil-generated ...
1.4 Import-Export
Import of electricity
Generally speaking, as far aselectricity is concerned, Italy does not produce enough of it for its energy needs and is one of the largest importers in Europe.
In ****, Italy imported $**.** billion worth of electricity (***). Italy's main supplier countries are: Switzerland, France, Slovenia and Montenegro.
Import-export of components for ...
1.5 The impact of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict
Regarding theimpact of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict on thehydropower sector, reference must be made to the energy sector in general and in particular, to Italy's energy needs in order to understand the need for the use of renewable sources.
Central in this context is the link that Russia and Europe have on ...
2 Analyse de la demande
2.1 Demand in Italy
In the first * months of ****, electricity demand decreased by *.*% compared to the same period in ****.
In the period from January to May, renewable sources met **.*% of electricity demand, while **.!% from non-renewable sources and the remaining **.*%, related to the balance with foreign countries, is increasing compared to other years ocn an increase ...
2.2 Demand drivers
Energy transition and decarbonization
United Nations and the European Union have determined that the electricity system in the coming years must necessarily be sustainable, decarbonized and with a prevalence of energy from renewable sources. The Green New Deal accelerates Europe's climate commitment, enshrining the goal of climate neutrality for **** and revising ...
2.3 The geographical distribution of demand
In order to have an overview of the geographical distribution regarding the demand for hydroelectric power, reference is made to the production of electricity for consumption in each Italian region.
Looking at the map, it emerges that the highest consumption is in Lombardy(***).
2.4 New trends in demand
Energy dependence to meet demand
Italy does not substantiate itself as an energy-sufficient country. In early ****, italy maintained the highest podium position as the largest importer of electricity in Europe, while exporting a very small share.
The graph below shows Italy's electricity import-export with neighboring countries, the main ones by magnitude ...
3 Structure du marché
3.1 The market structure
According to Terna's data, as of June **** there are **** hydropower plants.
These are mainly concentrated along the Alpine arc, where we find the largest number of reservoirs: **** in Piedmont, *** in Trentino-Alto Adige, *** in Lombardy and *** in Veneto.
In contrast, this energy source is not particularly widespread in the south and the ...
3.2 The value chain
The following are the steps that contribute to value generation in hydropower generation.
3.3 Distribution
In order to gain insight into the distribution of electricity in Italy, reference is made to data on energy consumption broken down by business scope.
In **** , total energy consumption settled at a lower level than in ****, registering -*.*%, i.e. ***,***.* GWh versus ***,***.* GWh. Of the total consumption, almost half is related ...
3.4 The main actors
The main companies active in the hydropower sector in Italy, in descending order of turnover, are listed below.
Edison s.p.a: an important company in the sector, it operates several hydroelectric power plants, including the one in Meduno.
A*A Energia s.p.a: a multiservice company, in addition to ...
4 Analyse de l'offre
4.1 Supply analysis
Hydropower (***) is a renewable and alternative energy source. This is based on two main elements: water and the force of gravity. In fact, all types of hydropower plants use the force of gravity to accelerate water and release all its potential energy. To harness water by producing electricity, it is necessary ...
4.2 The prices
to understand the pricing scenario related to electricity, it is necessary to analyze the production costs of a hydroelectric power plant.
The largest cost relates to theinitial investment for the construction of a hydroelectric plant, since, in addition to the electromechanical machinery required for the production of electricity such as turbines, ...
4.3 New supply trends
The following are the main new trends affecting hydropower generation.
Marine and hydrokinetic technology
Wave and tidal energy represent a huge opportunity to create reliable and clean energy. MHK (***) is gaining ground as a promising addition to renewable energy sources, especially in coastal regions.this technology harnesses the energy of ocean ...
5 Règlementation
5.1 The legislation
The main laws and regulations affecting hydropower are listed below.
-Under current legislation, Legislative Decree ***/****, the use of the water asset is considered public domain; in contrast, the use of other renewable sources for energy production is defined as "economic activity not reserved to public entities and not subject to a ...
6 Positionnement des acteurs
6.1 Segmentation
- Enel Green Power s.p.a
- Edison s.p.a
- A2A Energia s.p.a
- Dolomiti energia s.p.a
- IREN s.p.a
- Alperia s.p.a
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The hydropower energy market | Italy
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