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Synthèse
Since 2020, the French wood market has shown a mixture of trends, with environmental concerns affecting consumer choices and government policies influencing market growth. Despite a growing forest area in France, which amounts to 31% of the national territory, the wood sector as a whole has seen a decline. Sales in the sector fell by 12% to 53 billion euros, and employment also dropped from 440,000 to 372,000. In addition, the number of sawmills has fallen considerably, and forecasts point to a further decline, from 1,494 in 2017 to just 350 by 2030.roundwood sales amounted to 38.1 million cubic meters, a slight decline of 2%, with the lumber segment accounting for the bulk of the harvest. France's raw timber trade deficit worsened, rising by 7.8% to 7.37 billion euros.
The broader world market reflects varied performances, with China and the USA leading the way in sawnwood production, recording significant growth. Short-term climatic variations, economic cycles and changing consumer preferences shape immediate market dynamics, while long-term determinants include growing environmental awareness influencing consumer choices and public policies advocating the use of wood.
Wood market dynamics and consumption trends in France
In recent years, the French wood industry has evolved in a difficult context, marked by growing environmental awareness and strong international competition. Consumer awareness of sustainable practices has influenced purchasing behavior, with many opting for certified ecological products, particularly in the paper industry, where the use of recycled paper has risen from just over 60% to around 70%. Despite these favorable trends, the French wood market contracted. After peaking at around 65 billion euros, the sector's sales dropped to almost 60 billion euros, before continuing to decline to around 53 billion euros. This decline in economic performance also affected employment in the sector, which fell from around 440,000 to around 370,000 over the same period.
Sawmills, an important subset of the French timber market, have nevertheless proved resilient, with sales increasing to over 2 billion euros in recent years. However, from a broader perspective, France's raw timber trade deficit is on the rise, with a notable increase of around 7-8%. Public policies focused on promoting renewable energies and wood in construction point to a promising future for the wood sector. In addition, the crackdown on single-use plastics is opening up opportunities for biodegradable wood-based alternatives.
On the other hand, weather changes and economic fluctuations, which affect sectors such as construction and furniture, are potential risks for wood demand. The construction sector, which has a major influence on demand for wood, has seen a fall in housing permits of around 20%. This drop, which follows a 30% increase, underlines the volatility of the construction-oriented wood market. conversely, the furniture market grew by over 4%, reflecting growing consumer interest in interior decoration.
French raw timber production remains high, with sales volumes holding steady at between 35 and 40 million cubic meters over the past decade. However, sawmill activity is showing a downward trend, with only 10% of the initial 1960 operators expected by 2030.
In conclusion, the French timber market finds itself at a crossroads where environmental awareness, changing consumer preferences and public policy intersect with traditional industrial challenges. Despite some constraining factors, there are clear paths for growth, innovation and adaptation to more sustainable practices in the sector.
Key players shaping the French wood market landscape
The French wood market involves a variety of important players, playing different roles in the journey from forest to end product. These companies contribute to different market segments, from forest harvesting to sawing operations, and even to the trade and distribution of wood products. Here, we present some of the main players who have carved out a place for themselves in this sector.
- Office national des forêts (ONF) The ONF is a public body responsible for managing France's public forests. It plays an essential role in ensuring sustainable forest management, not only in terms of biodiversity conservation, but also in terms of timber production in state-owned forests and forests belonging to local authorities, which total 4.7 million hectares in mainland France.
- PEFC France and FSC France The two main organizations, PEFC France (Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification) and FSC France (Forest Stewardship Council), certify wood and forests in France, representing sustainable forest management standards and practices. Certification by these organizations guarantees consumers and businesses that the wood products they use or sell come from responsibly managed forests.
- FCBA (Institut technologique de la forêt, de la cellulose, du bois-construction et de l'ameublement) As an industrial technical center, the FCBA plays a crucial role in supporting innovation and technological development in the wood sector. It also provides valuable statistics and market information, such as data on the activities of sawmills and other wood-related industries.
- Companies in the sawmilling sector The sector has undergone a process of consolidation, with larger sawmills expanding and smaller ones closing down for lack of successors or buyers. Some notable regional players in the market are concentrated in regions such as Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Nouvelle Aquitaine and Grand Est, known for their strong sawmilling activities.
- Saint Gobain, with subsidiaries such as Point P, Brossette, CEDEO and Asturienne, leads the distribution market. They are followed by other influential groups such as GEDEX (Gedimat and Gedibois), Tout Faire (Tout Faire Bois) and BigMat. These dealers are adapting to the challenges posed by the rise of DIY trends and the increasing prevalence of digital and specialist online sellers.
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Informations
- Nombre de pages : 30 pages
- Format : Version digitale et PDF
- Dernière mise à jour : 05/06/2023
Sommaire et extraits
1 Market summary
1.1 Definition and scope of study
All the activities of the wood sector in France include a large number of actors, forestry activities (term defined by larousse.fr as "all techniques allowing the creation and rational exploitation of forests while ensuring their conservation and regeneration") and from the production of raw wood to the finished products: pulp, furniture, carpentry, and others. This study will focus on activities related to the production of raw wood and sawing and planing, although it gives an overview of the different customer markets in this sector.
In a context of growing environmental awareness from the part of consumers, the wood market in France is struggling to develop and suffers from fierce competition with other countries. Despite the good export performance of certain types of wood (in particular oak), sawmill operations have been falling sharply and only less than 10% of the companies that were operating in the 1960s are operating today. Similarly, the total volume of raw wood harvested has not been progressing for more than a decade now.
Yet, the surface area of forests in France has been increasing every year for three decades now. However, the growth of the different customer segments of wood is divided; while the furniture and carpentry markets have been growing, the construction and paper pulp markets have been shrinking.
In terms of prices, the general overall trend is that they are increasing, however, there are some exceptions to this trend. For instance, between 2018 and 2019, while the price of hardwood increased by 2.6%, the average price of firewood decreased by 3.4%.
Silvicultural operators and sawmills can find support with proactive public policies promoting the use of wood, both in the energy and construction sectors. These European directives have been developing for several years now, and should eventually bear fruit and thus give a boost to the French sector.
Finally, the wood market is divided can be divided into 4 different segments: Forest exploitation, woodwork operations, wooden packaging production and dealers and distributors (typically of end products directly to customers).
1.2 A healthy global market, driven by the United States and China
The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations updates annually a complete database on wood production and trade balance, by country and wood products/varieties, since ****.
Roundwood
In ****, world production of industrial roundwood amounted to *,*** million m³, a decrease of *.*% from **** (***) [***].
Roundwood production by region World, ****-****, in millions of ...
1.3 The French wood market following a negative trend
Turnover on the French market
The entire French timber sector has been shrinking over the last few years. Just between **** and ****, the sector's turnover fell by *%, from €**.* billion to €** billion [***]. Moreover, the number of people employed in this sector also fell, from ***,*** in **** to ***,*** in ****.
Turnover of the French wood market France, ...
1.4 Impact of the Covid-19 pandemic
The covid-** pandemic has equally shaken the wood market as it has the global economic market. As an approximation, official estimates from the French government were that the whole forest-wood sector would fall by *% in ****, in comparison to its **** results [***].
For instance, the pandemic caused a global decrease in demand for ...
2 Demand analysis
2.1 Long-term determinants
The wood sector in the face of the emergence of an environmental awareness
In recent years, the wood sector has been suffering from an increase in environmental awareness from the part of consumers [***]. On the one hand, forest exploitation often connotes with deforestation in popular opinion. However, this is wrong when ...
2.2 Short-term determinants
Meteorological disasters
Weather conditions have an impact on the activities of forest-based industries, both on the supply and on demand side. In the latter case, winter temperatures have a strong influence on wood energy consumption. Low temperatures and prolonged cold spells increase heating requirements. Energy wood (***) is generally used as a ...
2.3 Overview of the main customer markets
New construction market
Given how one of the main uses of timber is in the construction of buildings, how this sector performs has a significant impact on the demand for the product. Since the beginning of ****, the number of authorisations for housing construction has been following a downwards trend, recently accelerated ...
3 Market structure
3.1 French production of the raw material wood
In ****, **.* million cubic metres of roundwood (***) were commercialised in France, a decrease of *% compared to ****. However, despite this slight decrease, the harvest of roundwood have been somewhat stable since ****, ranging between ** and ** million [***].
Roundwood sales France, ****-****, in millions of cubic meters Source: ****
In terms of types of wood harvested, softwood ...
3.2 Panorama of French forests
According to the National Forestry Office, public forests cover *.* million hectares in metropolitan France or *% of the territory. Of these, *.* million hectares are state-owned, and *.* million hectares are owned by local authorities. The overseas territories include * million hectares of public forests, supported by French Guiana. [***]
If we add private forests, the ...
3.3 French sawmills are in difficulty
When observed over the long term, sawmill operations have drastically decreased. From the **,*** sawmills that existed in **** in France, only **% of these operate in **** (***).
Number of sawmill establishments France, ****-****, in units Source: ****
However, the trend is moving towards consolidation; large sawmill companies continue to grow faster than average, when small ...
3.4 The timber trade is mainly dependent on construction
Wood trading activities are clearly dependent on the construction activities in France. These are therefore constrained by the decline in the number of authorisations for housing constructions in **** (***).
The turnover of wood traders increased by *.*% in ****, but is expected to slow down in the coming years [***]. This is because traders are ...
4 Analysis of the offer
4.1 Pulpwood and energy
Pulpwood is used for the manufacture of cellulose pulp, fibreboard and particleboard. It is obtained by the combined action of friction and high pressure on the material under consideration.
According to the latest figures from Agreste published in **** for the last quarter of ****, crushing wood prices increased by *.*%, while firewood prices ...
4.2 Whole trunk woods
A log defines the trunks of trees that are not yet squared, i.e. cut at right angles. The Centre d'Etudes de l'Economie du Bois (***) provides quarterly information on the prices recorded for the various logs.
The oak tree
There are different products made directly from oak wood. Depending on the ...
4.3 Technical costs of machinery and forestry operations
According to the the FCBA memento for the year ****, the productivity and cost of technical forestry machines are summarized in the table below:
Source: ****
These costs include fixed costs (***) and staff costs. They do not take into account other expenses related to the business.
The main factors of variation are site ...
5 Rules and regulations
5.1 Nomenclature of French Activities
The Nomenclature des Activités Françaises, or NAF, refers to the classification of economic activities set up by INSEE. There have been several versions since ****. The last revision of NAF was adopted at the end of ****, and implemented in ****.
According to the ec.europa.eu, "it is a four-digit nomenclature ...
5.2 National policy framework
According to the unece.org, "two major documents provide a framework for national policy on forests and wood. This is the National Forest and Wood Program (***).
The first was prepared in **** and was published by decree on * February ****. Its design brought together all the professional and institutional players in the sector. ...
6 Positioning of the actors
6.1 Segmentation
- Office National des Forêts
- Alliance Forêts Bois
- Smurfit Kappa Comptoir du Pin
- Comptoir des bois de Brive
- Egger
- ISB grpupe
- Swiss Krono
- Unilin (Mohawk industries)
- Palette Gestion Services (PGS Groupe)
- TFF Group
- Oeneo
- Saint-Gobain Groupe
- Ikea France
- Fargesbois
- Gedex Gedimat Gedibois
- Ducerf Groupe
- Rougier Groupe
- O2 Factory
Liste des graphiques
- Production de bois rond par continent
- Production de bois rond par pays
- Production de bois de sciage par continent
- Répartition de la production du bois de sciage par pays
- Chiffre d'affaires du marché du bois français
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Dernières actualités
Saint-Gobain prêt à s'installer en Australie pour 2,5 milliards d'euros - 22/02/2024
- Saint-Gobain propose d'acquérir la totalité du capital de CSR
- Le groupe CSR compte une quarantaine de sites de production dans le monde, environ 130 points de vente et 2.800 salariés.
- Le total des revenus de CSR pour l'exercice 2022-2023 s'élevait à 2,6 milliards de dollars australiens.
- En 2022, l'Amérique du Nord et les pays émergents représentaient déjà 62 % du résultat d'exploitation de Saint-Gobain contre 40 % en 2018.
Le leader français de la palette a racheté son concurrent Hoekman Houtindustrie - 20/01/2024
- PGS, un groupe français spécialisé dans la palette en bois, a récemment acquis la société néerlandaise Hoekman Houtindustrie.
- Hoekman Houtindustrie a réalisé un chiffre d’affaires de 14,7 millions d’euros en 2022.
- L'entreprise Hoekman Houtindustrie emploie 34 personnes.
- PGS compte maintenant deux sites aux Pays-Bas, l'un au sud proche de la frontière belge et l'autre au nord-est.
- PGS se revendique comme le leader européen de la palette en bois neuve et reconditionnée.
- PGS a réalisé un chiffre d’affaires de 482 millions d’euros en 2022.
- PGS emploie actuellement 900 personnes. PGS est implanté sur 50 sites.
PGS renforce son intégration verticale - 10/01/2024
- PGS, fondé en 1993, se positionne en tant que leader européen des services de logistique inversée et des palettes neuves et reconditionnées.
- L'entreprise a 50 sites dans 10 pays.
- Elle emploie 900 personnes. PGS a réalisé un chiffre d'affaires de 482 millions d'euros en 2022.
- L'entreprise a racheté 50% du capital d'Ide Group, une scierie belge.
- Ide Group, fondée en 1984, est basée à Zulte, en Belgique.
- L'entreprise emploie 65 personnes.
- Le chiffre d'affaires d'Ide Group est de 28 millions d'euros.
Le raboteur de bois ISB mise sur les projets sur-mesure - 26/10/2023
- ISB groupe: 400 personnes, 210 millions d’euros de chiffre d’affaires en 2022, 390 000 mètres cubes vendus en 2022
- Spécialisé dans l’importation et le rabotage de bois, transformé pour la construction ou l’aménagement.
- Premier importateur français de bois,
- ISB investit sur le segment de la production sur-mesure, autour de projets de rénovation ou de construction,
- Il investit 13,8 millions d’euros dans ses sites sur quatre ans.
- Possède plusieurs marques : marques Silverwood (42 millions d’euros de chiffre d’affaires, 33% du volume), dédiée à l’aménagement, et Sinbpla (58 millions d’euros de CA, 67% du volume), positionnée sur la construction
- Son principal fournisseur de bois est le suédois SCA (actionnaire à 38,5% du groupe),
PGS: Jean-Louis Louvel est l’Entrepreneur de l’année - 21/10/2023
- Année de création de la société PGS : 1993
- Position de PGS : Leader européen de la palette neuve et reconditionnée
- Nombre d'employés de PGS : 900
- Production annuelle de PGS : 25 millions de palettes neuves
- Réparation annuelle de palettes par PGS : 20 millions
- Chiffre d'affaires de PGS en 2022 : 482 millions d'euros
- Nombre de sites de PGS : 40
- PGS est présente dans 9 pays.
Le tonnelier TFF Group se renforce dans les produits de boisage avec Biossent - 04/10/2023
- Numéro un mondial des produits d'élevage pour vins et spiritueux ( 25 % de parts de marché)
- Le groupe TFF (Tonnellerie François Frères) en Bourgogne, vient de racheter à Maison Boinaud sa filiale Biossent,13 salariés, spécialisée dans les produits de boisage.
- La société extrait des principes actifs du bois de chêne et de la vigne
- Les produits de boisage permettent de valoriser les chutes de chêne à merrain (les planches pour tonneaux) utilisées dans la tonnellerie en extrayant leurs arômes et tanins qui pourront être ajoutés à des vins ou spiritueux élevés en cuves Inox.
- Après l'australien Quercus, l'américain Stavin et les français Arôbois et Pronektar, Biossent devient ainsi la cinquième filiale du groupe
- Biossent réalise un chiffre d'affaires de 4,5 millions d'euros, soit 10 % de l'activité de Maison Boinaud
- Présent dans l'exploitation forestière, TFF avait démarré dans les produits boisés au début des années 2000.
- Coté sur Euronext, le groupe vend ses produits dans 80 pays, emploie 1.676 collaborateurs dans le monde et affiche un chiffre d'affaires de 439,8 millions d'euros.
- Maison Boinaud, entreprise familiale productrice de cognac depuis 24 générations à Angeac-Champagne, en Charente
- La société familiale possède 650 hectares de vignes, fait aussi du négoce et vient de lancer avec succès son whisky sur le marché hexagonal, le single malt Heriose
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