Synthèse

Since 2020, the French driving school market has seen significant fluctuations, with an 11% drop in candidates taking the theory test and a 1.5% increase in practical driving tests in 2022 compared with the previous year. This slowdown in demand has been influenced by the financial situation of households, changes in the behaviour of young people, who are less inclined to take driving tests due to urbanization and environmental concerns, and interventions by public authorities.

Online driving schools have seen strong growth thanks to innovative players like Ornikar. Traditional driving schools are facing challenges linked to market liberalization, and must adapt by offering online training. Employment in driving schools rose slightly between 2019 and 2022, pointing to a consolidation of the market with the emergence of larger, more robust entities. Despite the challenges, the sector remains highly regulated, and for those under 25, a driving license is considered essential, particularly for employment.

Trends in the French driving school market

Analysis of the French driving school market reveals several key trends that illustrate both market evolution and the factors influencing demand. In France, an analysis of demand shows a variety of customers, ranging from young people under 25 to people over 25, schoolchildren and driving license holders looking for advanced training. Despite the interest shown by different age groups, it is young people who mainly drive the market, with the under-25s accounting for over 80% of permits issued each year. However, this demand is facing a slowdown; young people are less inclined to acquire a driving license due to urbanization and environmental concerns. Yet, for many, a driving license remains essential for employment opportunities.

What's more, the number of new driving license applicants has fallen by around 7%, dropping to between 1.2 and 1.3 million by 2022. One of the reasons for this decline is growing competition from alternative modes of transport. Car-sharing and car-pooling are gaining in popularity, as is public transport, use of which has increased by 30% over the last decade. Transportation rentals and the growing adoption of cycling for commuting are also competing with driving schools. These trends testify to changing mobility behaviors, and are forcing the driving school market to adapt. Driving school registration fees are on the rise; the average cost of obtaining a driving license is between 1,700 and 1,900 euros, with regional variations.

Online driving schools represent a less expensive option, offering packages several hundred euros cheaper, making them a more attractive choice for many would-be drivers. The French driving school market is fairly fragmented, with a mix of traditional, hybrid and online schools. Despite the large number of local players, the market is undergoing a shift towards online training platforms, which has prompted traditional establishments to consider digitally integrated teaching methods. While the overall number of employees in the sector remains stable, suggesting market consolidation, the number of driving schools saw an 11% decline between 2016 and 2022.

Finally, regulatory changes, such as the possibility of lowering the driving age, demonstrate the government's influence on market dynamics. All these factors combined signal a market in transition, navigating through contemporary changes in social behavior, regulatory reforms, and the competitive challenges of new and emerging transportation modalities.

Key players driving the French driving school industry

In the dynamic landscape of the French driving school market, certain establishments have distinguished themselves by adapting to changing demand and taking advantage of new opportunities.

  • ECF (École de Conduite Française) and CER (Conduite Enseignement Routier). These two groups have made substantial inroads by offering a plethora of agencies nationwide, consolidating their positions as traditional industry leaders.
  • Ornikar, a pioneer in online driving schools. Ornikar has not only revolutionized the approach to driver training with its flexible and cost-effective online courses, but has also expanded its services to include an insurance business, reflecting its innovative and comprehensive business model.
  • En voiture Simone, which capitalizes on the online trend by offering digital convenience to consumers, particularly during periods when traditional driving schools have been temporarily closed due to plant closures. Its business model is an example of agility and the ability to adapt quickly to external changes in market conditions.
  • PermisLibre is also a notable competitor, operating mainly in the online field. By connecting learners with independent driving instructors and offering virtual theory training, it meets the demand for more accessible and potentially more cost-effective driving instruction options.

In response to these digital disruptors, traditional driving schools have not been idle. They have begun to enter the online world themselves, as evidenced by the creation of "My ECF" by the ECF Group, adopting a hybrid model of physical and digital services to remain relevant and competitive.

The market also features a diverse range of small local players who have historically formed the backbone of this sector. They offer customized services, but are facing increased competition and market consolidation fueled by broader trends and regulatory changes.

Overall, the French driving school market reflects a balance between well-established traditional establishments and nimble technological entities responding to changes in consumer behavior and technological advances. The interplay between these players continues to shape the driving school landscape in France.

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  • Nombre de pages : 30 pages
  • Format : Version digitale et PDF
  • Dernière mise à jour : 10/10/2023
Détail des mises à jour

Sommaire et extraits

1 Market overview

1.1 Market overview and definition

Driving schools are specialized establishments whose mission is to train candidates to drive motorized vehicles in order to obtain their driving license. In addition to the basic training required to obtain a driving license, they can also offer a range of complementary activities such as pre- and post-licensing courses, road safety awareness training and vocational training.

The driving school sector features a variety of learning models, including traditional, hybrid and online driving schools. By 2022, there will be around 50 million people with a driving license in France, making it the country's biggest driving test by volume.

There are three types of driving school: traditional, hybrid and online.

The driving school clientele can be divided into four categories: young people under 25, people over 25, schoolchildren with an interest in road safety, and driving license holders wishing to improve their skills.although young people are less and less inclined to take the driving test due to urbanization and environmental concerns, they still consider it essential, especially for employment.

This market is suffering from growing competition from alternative modes of transport:

  • Car-sharing and car-pooling
  • Public transport
  • Transport rental
  • Increasing use of bicycles

But this market also faces competition from the no-license car market, which has been growing rapidly in recent years.

In 2015, the Macron law paved the way for online driving schools by simplifying approval procedures and doing away with certain prerequisites. Ornikar, which appeared in 2013, was a pioneer in this field. These online driving schools, such as Ornikar and PermisLibre, offer flexible, competitively priced training, while connecting students with independent instructors. However, they face challenges such as sometimes lower pass rates, longer waiting times and concerns about fraudulent practices. This new competition has led to tensions with traditional driving schools, who denounce it as unfair competition.

The driving school market in France is undergoing major changes, thanks in particular to government initiatives to modernize, the adoption of technologies to facilitate examinations, the emergence of innovative private players and merger and acquisition movements, reflecting a significant transformation of the driver training industry.

The driving test consists of two parts:

  • Theoretical : 40-question Highway Code test
  • Practical: driving time to assess respect for the Highway Code and other road users

In addition, there are three types of driving license offered by driving schools, whose shares have remained stable over the years:

  • Car: 84% of graduates
  • Motorcycle: 10% of graduates
  • Heavy goods vehicles: 6% of graduates

(2022)

1.2 European market

For the most part,driving schools remain confined to the national level. Only the Ornikar online platform seems to have any pretensions to international expansion. In June ****, the company raised €** million with the main objectives of diversifying (***) and expanding in Europe. In ****, a new fundraising round of around *** million euros enabled ...

1.3 A highly regulated French market facing competition from new players

According toINSEE, sales of the driving school market amounted to *.*** billion euros in ****, and the number of registrants was *.*** million. In ****, there were *.*** million new registrations, so we can estimate sales of the French driving school market at *.** billion euros

The evolution of the driving school market can also be analyzed ...

2 Demand analysis

2.1 The slowdown in demand

In ****, *.*** million candidates took the general theory test (***), representing an **% drop in theory tests and a *.*% increase in driving tests compared with ****. The breakdown of licences issued is summarized in the chart below: Categories of driving licenses issued France, ****, in [***] Other : A-A*-A* : **.**% BE : *,**% C-C*: *.** CE-C*E: *.** D-D*-D*: *.**% In addition, ...

2.2 Demand driven by young people?

Driving school customers can be broken down into * types of profile

Young people under ** who want to take their driving test for the first time People over ** who want to take their driving test, who make up the minority of driving school customers Schoolchildren attending road safety awareness campaigns Holders of ...

2.3 The growing success of alternative modes of transport

In ****, according to the Observatoire des Mobilités Emergentes (***) produced by ObSoCo in collaboration with SNCF, French people's mobility habits have changed significantly since the start of the Covid-** pandemic. While the private car initially benefited from the health crisis to the detriment of public transport, a clear downward trend in ...

2.4 No-licence cars: growing competition to licences

Growth in the number of new license-free car registrations France, **** - ****, in thousands Source: ****

After a **% drop in new car sales between **** and ****, the number of mini-car registrations remained constant from **** to ****. However, a sharp increase was observed from **** onwards. New licence-free car registrations rose by **% in **** compared with ****. In ****, growth ...

3 Market structure

3.1 A highly competitive market

The driving school market is therefore highly competitive, as it has historically been made up of numerous local players with one or more establishments. Some of these schools have chosen to organize themselves into networks to pool some of their expenses.

The national ECF and CER groups alone represent around a ...

3.2 Geographical distribution of driving schools

The number of driving schools is relatively correlated with population density.

The map below shows the geographical distribution of driving schools in France.

Source: ****

More generally, the populations of driving schools by region and the shares to which they correspond are summarized below:

There are also geographical disparities in the pass ...

3.3 The "uberization" of the driving school market

In ****, the Macron law authorized distance learning contracts and simplified prefectoral approval procedures, removing the obligation for driving schools to obtain the approval of the Comission départementale de la sécurité routière. [***] This reform has led to the emergence of new nationwide players with no premises of their own: ...

3.4 Market trends

The driving school market in France is currently marked by several major trends. On the one hand, the French government has launched initiatives aimed at modernizing the driver training sector. These include the signing of a charter in partnership with BPI France and the CNPA as part of the France Relance ...

4 Offer analysis

4.1 Types of driving schools and driving licences

The table below describes the range offered by each type of driving school.

Source: ****

While learning formats may differ, driving schools offer two types of training: theoretical, to prepare for the Highway Code exam, and practical, to prepare for the driving test.

Driving schools also sometimes offer additional services, such as ...

4.2 Driving school fees

Driving school fees are on the rise in France: they've been rising steadily for the past ** years. However, they have accelerated over the past * years, mainly due to inflation.

Price trends for driving school services France, ****-****, in INSEE

Driving license (***)

In France, the average price is **** euros to take your ...

5 Regulations

5. 1 Driving school obligations

To become a driving school operator, you must : be ** years old provide proof of the establishment's resources (***) have a CQP RUESRC (***) or a level III diploma employ a driving school teacher with specific training obtain prefectoral approval, valid for * years and renewable * years before expiry Each establishment must also have insurance ...

5.2 Recent reforms

**** European reform

In ****, the countries of the European Union launched measures with three objectives in mind: to combat fraudulent practices, guarantee freedom of movement and improve road safety.

To meet these objectives, several elements were harmonized: the format of driving licenses (***) and the frequency of medical examinations.

These changes came into ...

Liste des graphiques

  • Indice des prix à la consommation du service "Auto-écoles et examen du permis de conduire"
  • Nombre de nouveaux candidats au permis de conduire, toutes catégories confondues
  • Catégories des admissions au permis de conduire
  • Evolution du nombre de nouveaux candidats selon le type de permis
  • Répartition des candidats au permis B par tranche d'âge
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Dernières actualités

Auto-écoles : le réseau ECF renonce au tout électrique - 04/10/2023
  • 2.300 véhicules dans sa flotte La coopérative ECF est composée de plus de 200 entreprises avec un chiffre d'affaires total de 20,3 millions d'euros.
  • L'introduction de la conduite électrique nécessiterait sept heures supplémentaires de formation par apprenant pour conduire un véhicule thermique.
  • Seuls 13 % des apprentissages réalisés par le réseau ECF l'année dernière ont été effectués sur des boîtes automatiques.
  • D'ici à 2024, ECF prévoit que le tiers de sa flotte sera constitué de véhicules hybrides.
  • Le réseau dispose de sa propre filiale numérique qui dessine et fait fabriquer les cockpits à un tarif 70 % moins élevé que les produits disponibles sur le marché : 10.000 euros pièce.
  • Près de 500 exemplaires de première génération équipent déjà les centres.
  • L'objectif est de parvenir rapidement à installer 700 nouveaux simulateurs dernier cri.
Avec 100 millions d’euros en poche Ornikar cherche à s’affirmer dans l’assurance auto. - 22/04/2021
  • L'auto-école en ligne Ornikar propose une offre d'assurance automobile et de nouveaux services, tels que la formation complémentaire.
  • Plus de 35 % des candidats à l’examen du Code de la route en France solliciteraient ses services.
  • Pour diversifier son activité, elle a inauguré une assurance automobile 
  • Le total des fonds levés par la start-up depuis 2013 est de 146 millions d’euros 
Auto-écoles : dix ans après sa création, Ornikar rêve du leadership européen - 04/10/2023
  • Ornikar est une entreprise de formation au code de la route et à la conduite en ligne créée en 2013.
  • Elle compte 420.000 clients pour le code et 80.000 pour la conduite en 2021.
  • L'entreprise revendique 2.000 moniteurs actifs sur 8.000 des 36.000 communes françaises.
  • Ces moniteurs doivent dispenser 2 millions d'heures de conduite en 2021.
  • Ornikar est basé à Paris et réalise un chiffre d'affaires de 80 millions d'euros avec 250 salariés.
  • L'entreprise propose un forfait à partir de 799 euros, soit 40% moins cher que les auto-écoles traditionnelles.
  • Ornikar a levé 100 millions d'euros en 2021.
  • L'entreprise a une filiale, Onroad, en Espagne. Ornikar a diversifié son offre en proposant de l'assurance auto, avec des tarifs présentés comme 25% moins chers que la moyenne des assurances traditionnelles.

Entreprises citées dans cette étude

Cette étude contient un panorama complet des entreprises du marché avec les derniers chiffres et actualités de chaque entreprise :

ECF
CER Réseau
Couturier Permis
Ornikar
En Voiture Simone
Stych
City'Zen
Codes Rousseau
Permis Pas Cher
Permis Plus
100% Permis
ECF Centre Atlantique

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Ajouts et mises à jour

  • 06/03/2024 - Ajout des informations de l'entreprise SCF SPS
  • 14/02/2024 - Ajout des informations de l'entreprise Sojadis Equipement
  • 02/01/2024 - Mise à jour des données financières de l'entreprise Couturier Permis
  • 02/01/2024 - Mise à jour des données financières de l'entreprise ECF Centre Atlantique
  • 02/01/2024 - Mise à jour des données financières de l'entreprise ECF Sud Prévention routière
  • 02/01/2024 - Mise à jour des données financières de l'entreprise ECF Llerena
  • 02/01/2024 - Mise à jour des données financières de l'entreprise ECF Paris Sud Rive Gauche
  • 02/01/2024 - Mise à jour des données financières de l'entreprise ECF
  • 04/10/2023 - Ajout des informations de l'entreprise ECF Llerena
  • 04/10/2023 - Ajout des informations de l'entreprise ECF Paris Sud Rive Gauche
  • 04/10/2023 - Ajout des informations de l'entreprise ECF Sud Prévention routière
  • 04/10/2023 - Ajout des informations de l'entreprise ECF Centre Atlantique
  • 01/10/2023 - Mise à jour des données financières de l'entreprise Couturier Permis
  • 01/10/2023 - Mise à jour des données financières de l'entreprise ECF
  • 06/07/2023 - Ajout des informations de l'entreprise 100% Permis
  • 06/07/2023 - Ajout des informations de l'entreprise Le Permis Libre
  • 06/07/2023 - Ajout des informations de l'entreprise Permis Plus
  • 06/07/2023 - Ajout des informations de l'entreprise Permis Pas Cher
  • 25/06/2023 - Ajout des informations de l'entreprise Codes Rousseau
  • 25/06/2023 - Ajout des informations de l'entreprise City'Zen
  • 25/06/2023 - Ajout des informations de l'entreprise Stych
  • 04/06/2023 - Mise à jour des données financières de l'entreprise Couturier Permis
  • 04/06/2023 - Mise à jour des données financières de l'entreprise ECF
  • 26/02/2023 - Mise à jour des données financières de l'entreprise Ornikar
  • 26/02/2023 - Mise à jour des données financières de l'entreprise Couturier Permis
  • 26/02/2023 - Mise à jour des données financières de l'entreprise ECF
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